Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40001429›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens: A Retrospective Epidemiological Study at the University Hospital of Palermo, Italy.

Luca Pipitò, Raffaella Rubino, Giulio D'Agati, Eleonora Bono, Chiara Vincenza Mazzola, Sofia Urso, Giuseppe Zinna, Salvatore Antonino Distefano, Alberto Firenze, Celestino Bonura and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

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  6. Comparative Genomic and Functional Characterization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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  10. Phage therapy againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Luca PipitòDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1871-4285
Raffaella RubinoInfectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Sicilian Regional Reference Center for the Fight Against AIDS, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Giulio D'AgatiDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
Eleonora BonoDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
Chiara Vincenza MazzolaDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0009-0003-8975-4916
Sofia UrsoDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
Giuseppe ZinnaDepartment of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona Medical School, 37129 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0009-0000-0001-2085
Salvatore Antonino DistefanoAntimicrobial Stewardship Team, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Alberto FirenzeDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
Celestino BonuraDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6250-9203
Giovanni M GiammancoDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7874-6289
Antonio CascioDepartment of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1992-1796

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating global health threat, projected to cause over 40 million deaths by 2050. ESKAPE pathogens (

methodsMicrobiological data from all specimen types were collected using the Business Intelligence system Biwer, excluding duplicates. We assessed the prevalence and trends of ESKAPE isolates and AMR over time. Clinical data from hospital discharge forms were used to evaluate factors associated with mortality in patients with ESKAPE-positive blood cultures. Differences in AMR prevalence between blood and non-blood isolates were examined.

resultsA total of 11,607 specimens from 4916 patients were analyzed. Most patients were admitted to Internal Medicine (19.4%), the ICU (13.2%), and General Surgery (9.9%). Additionally, 21.5% of the specimens were collected from ICU-admitted patients. Blood cultures accounted for 14.3% of the specimens, urine for 25.3%, respiratory secretions for 22.1%, and skin and mucosal swabs for 20.9%. The prevalence of all isolates increased progressively, peaking in 2021. The vancomycin-resistant

Indexed as

Acinetobacter baumanniiantimicrobial resistanceEnterobacter spp.Enterococcus faeciumESKAPEhospital epidemiology bacteriaKlebsiella pneumoniaePseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureus

Identifiers

PMID40001429
PMCPMC11851393

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.