Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40001392›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Implementation of a National Antimicrobial Stewardship Training Programme for General Practice: A Case Study.

Donna Cooper, Claire Stevens, Conor Jamieson, Ming Xuan Lee, Ruth Riley, Bharat Patel, Jade Meadows, Parmjit Kaur, Obiageli Okolie, Kieran Hand and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Donna CooperBlack Country Integrated Care Board, Wolverhampton WV1 1SH, UK.
Claire StevensCentre for Medicines Optimisation, School of Allied Health Professions and Pharmacy, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2493-058X
Conor JamiesonNational Health Service England, London SE1 8UG, UK.
Ming Xuan LeePrimary Care and Interventions Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Gloucester GL1 1DQ, UK.ORCID 0009-0005-6549-5213
Ruth RileyPrimary Care and Interventions Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Gloucester GL1 1DQ, UK.
Bharat PatelCentre for Medicines Optimisation, School of Allied Health Professions and Pharmacy, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
Jade MeadowsPrimary Care and Interventions Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Gloucester GL1 1DQ, UK.
Parmjit KaurBlack Country Integrated Care Board, Wolverhampton WV1 1SH, UK.
Obiageli OkoliePrimary Care and Interventions Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Gloucester GL1 1DQ, UK.
Kieran HandNational Health Service England, London SE1 8UG, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3834-2415
Donna M LeckyPrimary Care and Interventions Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Gloucester GL1 1DQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1223-9356

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundApproximately 71% of antibiotics in England are prescribed in general practice settings. Whilst there are various impactful training resources available to support clinicians in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) activities, implementation, reach, and uptake affect how successful they are nationally. This case study explores the feasibility, acceptability, and usefulness of embedding the TARGET (Treat Antibiotics Responsibly, Guidance, Education and Tools) AMS training into a local incentive scheme.

methodBlack Country Integrated Care Board (ICB) invited a representative from all associated general practises to a TARGET AMS training event; attendance was linked to a local incentive scheme. Data were collected via a pre- and post-workshop survey capturing TARGET toolkit knowledge, AMS attitudes and behaviours, training feedback, and intention to implement AMS behaviours. Descriptive analyses were conducted.

results157 and 101 attendees completed the pre- and post-session surveys, respectively. In total, 89% agreed that attending the session was a good use of their time. The proportions of attendees stating an intention to use the TARGET toolkit and implement a range of AMS strategies following the session were high (TARGET Toolkit: >82%, AMS strategies: >90%). Most attendees planned to implement these actions within 3 months (47%) or within 3-6 months (30%).

conclusionResults suggest that embedding the training into a local incentive scheme is a viable implementation approach in extending training reach. Although the impact on prescribing rates is not yet available, the high engagement and intention to implement AMS strategies observed should inspire confidence in this approach to training implementation.

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistanceantimicrobial stewardshipgeneral practiceTARGET toolkit

Identifiers

PMID40001392
PMCPMC11851554

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.