Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40001299›Full record

ArticleTransfusion2025

Expected outcomes of stratified post-donation testing in whole blood donation in England: A discrete event simulation modeling study.

Hongchao Qi, Angela M Wood, Stephen Kaptoge, Amy McMahon, Susan Mehenny, Nathalie Kingston, Willem H Ouwehand, John Danesh, David J Roberts, Emanuele Di Angelantonio and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transfusion, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hongchao QiBHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0932-2076
Angela M WoodBHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Stephen KaptogeBHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Amy McMahonBHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Susan MehennyNHS Blood and Transplant, Wakefield, UK.
Nathalie KingstonNIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Willem H OuwehandDepartment of Haematology, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
John DaneshBHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
David J RobertsNIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Cambridge, UK.
Emanuele Di AngelantonioBHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Lois G KimBHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4552-3820

Funding

BHF Chair Award CH/12/2/29428British Heart Foundation RG/13/13/30194British Heart Foundation RG/18/13/33946British Heart Foundation RG/F/23/110103Cambridge BHF Centre of Research Excellence RE/18/1/34212Cambridge BHF Centre of Research Excellence RE/24/130011Health Data Research UKNIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit NIHR203337NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre BRC-1215-20014NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre NIHR203312NIHR Research Professorship NIHR303137
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn England, blood donors with low hemoglobin concentration are deferred following on-session testing to prevent donations below regulatory thresholds, thereby protecting donors' health and blood supply quality. However, deferrals are costly, time-consuming and may discourage donors. Post-donation testing (PDT), where hemoglobin levels are measured after donation, offer potential alternatives as used in some European countries. STUDY DESIGN AND

methodsWe compared four PDT strategies to the current approach: (A) no on-session testing, (B) on-session testing if low hemoglobin at previous visit, (C) on-session testing if low/medium hemoglobin at previous visit, all with delayed reinvitation if low hemoglobin at previous donation, and (D) on-session testing if low/medium hemoglobin at previous visit without delayed reinvitations. We employed discrete event simulation modeling, informed by data collected from 16,941 donors returning under the current strategy in England, to simulate and compare total donations, under-threshold donations, and deferrals for each strategy over 18 months.

resultsStrategy A eliminated deferrals but led to increased under-threshold donations compared to the current strategy in men (6.5% vs. 2.3%) and women (11.8% vs. 4.5%). Strategies B-D reduced deferrals rates for men (1.0%-3.7% vs. 5.5%) and women (2.2%-6.3% vs. 8.9%) but showed slightly higher under-threshold donations in men (3.0%-5.1% vs. 2.3%) and women (5.3%-8.8% vs. 4.5%). Strategies with more on-session testing had lower under-threshold donations. DISCUSSION: PDT strategies incorporating on-session testing for low/medium hemoglobin at previous visits could reduce deferrals while maintaining a low proportion of under-threshold donations, thereby balancing donor safety with operational efficiency.

Indexed as

Blood DonorsDonor SelectionHemoglobinsAdultBlood DonationComputer SimulationEnglandFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedHemoglobinsblood donationdiscrete event simulationlow hemoglobin deferralpost‐donation testing

Identifiers

PMID40001299
PMCPMC12005575

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.