Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40001230›Full record

ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025

The influence of the lower limb components on genu varum in football players: a full leg length magnetic resonance imaging study.

Ali Işın, Özkan Köse, Emre Ak, Emel Emir Yetim, Can Çevikol, Tuba Melekoğlu

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06606964 (The Influence of the Lower Limb Components on Genu Varum in Football Players), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06606964 completednot on this map

The Influence of the Lower Limb Components on Genu Varum in Football Players: a Full Leg Length Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

TypeobservationalSponsorTuba MelekoğluRan2021 to 2022Enrolled36ConditionsGenu Varum, Football PlayersArmsMagnetic Resonance Imaging, Isokinetic Strength
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ali IşınDepartment of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4666-2117
Özkan KöseDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7679-9635
Emre AkDepartment of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Nişantaşı University, İstanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-9247
Emel Emir YetimDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-6049
Can ÇevikolDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0333-0254
Tuba MelekoğluDepartment of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. tubasn@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9223-8849

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to evaluate lower extremity alignment in football players with and without genu varum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms and contributing factors to malalignment.

methodsThis prospective case-control study included 36 male football players aged 16-19 years, divided into two groups: 18 with genu varum and 18 controls with normal lower extremity alignment. Full-length lower extremity MRI was used to assess alignment parameters. The isokinetic strength of the concentric knee extensor-flexor and concentric hip abductor-adductor muscles was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60°/sec and 180°/sec. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors for genu varum.

resultsGenu varum group had a mean mechanical axis deviation (MAD) of 14 ± 5 mm (p < 0.001), with 11 players exceeding the clinical cutoff of 15 mm. Significant differences were observed in the lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA) (p = 0.014), lateral proximal femoral angle (LPFA) (p = 0.017), and medial distal femoral angle (mLDFA) (p = 0.002) between the groups. Muscle strength values were comparable between the groups, except for the hip adductor-abductor strength ratio at 60°/sec, which was significantly lower in the genu varum group (p = 0.008), while all other comparisons were non-significant (p > 0.05). The regression analysis demonstrated that the mechanisms responsible for varus alignment in football players differ between the dominant and non-dominant leg.

conclusionsThe findings in this study suggest that the proximal tibial deformity is a key factor in malalignment among football players with genu varum. Differences in alignment were observed between dominant and non-dominant legs. Strength values were similar between players with and without varus alignment, except for the 60˚/sec angular velocity Add/Abd ratio. CLINICAL

trial registrationNCT06606964 / 16.09.2024. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Indexed as

DeformityGenu varumIsokinetic strengthKnee jointMechanical axis deviation

Identifiers

PMID40001230
PMCPMC11863870

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.