ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
MSCs-EVs harboring OA immune memory reprogram macrophage phenotype via modulation of the mt-ND3/NADH-CoQ axis for OA treatment.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Review: progression and heterogeneity of multiple sources of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- From pathogenic to reparative: Context-Dependent function of extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- The mechano-immune-vesicle regulatory circuit: a systems framework for bone homeostasis and regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Review
- Hydrogels: current biomedical applications and future directions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate neuropathic pain in association with M2 macrophage polarization in dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerve repair.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Next-generation therapies for osteoarthritis: the evolving role of cell therapy products.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Research progress on cellular senescence in the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoarthritis and temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Review
- Injectable Chondroitin Sulfate Methacrylate Hydrogel Microspheres Co-Loaded with GLPM Nanozyme, Dexamethasone, and Stem Cells for Synergistic Osteoarthritis Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Paradigm shift in macrophage polarization in osteoarthritis: from M1/M2 imbalance to macrophage state reprogramming in the ageing immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunoregulatory orchestrations in osteoarthritis and mesenchymal stromal cells for therapy.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Current Applications and Future Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Engineering: A Bibliometric Analysis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Cytokine-Activated Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix Facilitates Cartilage Repair by Enhancing Chondrocyte Homeostasis and Chondrogenesis of Recruited Stem Cells.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and diagnostic applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Hydrogel microspheres for osteoarthritis treatment: Fabrication strategies, smart responsiveness, and multimodal therapies.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease and current therapies are insufficient to halt its progression. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCs-EVs) offer promising therapeutic potential for OA treatment, and their efficacy can be enhanced through strategic engineering approaches.
methodsInspired by the immune memory of the adaptive immune system, we developed an engineered strategy to impart OA-specific immune memory to MSCs-EVs. Using Luminex technology, inflammatory factors (IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α), which mimic the OA inflammatory microenvironment, were identified and used to prime MSCs, generating immune memory-bearing MSCs-EVs (iEVs). Proteomic analysis and complementary experiments were conducted to evaluate iEVs' effects on macrophage phenotypic reprogramming.
resultsiEVs, particularly IL-6-EV, exhibited potent immunoregulatory functions along with the ability to modulate mitochondrial metabolism. Both in vitro and in vivo, IL-6-EV significantly reprogrammed macrophages towards the M2 subtype, effectively suppressing articular inflammation and OA progression. Mechanistic studies revealed that IL-6-EV facilitated M2 polarization by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via the mt-ND3/NADH-CoQ axis.
conclusionThis study introduces a strategy to enhance MSCs-EVs' therapeutic efficacy in OA. Multi-omics analysis and biological validation demonstrate its potential, providing new insights for MSCs-EVs' future application in OA and other clinical conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.