Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40000977›Full record

SynthesisBMC psychiatry2025

Risk of suicide, suicide attempt, and suicidal ideation among people with vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jia Yu, Sumayya Nadhim Mohammad, Lusine G Khachatryan, Jaafaru Sani Mohammed, Soumya V Menon, Mandeep Kaur, Ibrokhim Sapaev, Majid S Jabir, Beneen Husseen, Hosein Azizi

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jia YuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Qiqihar Jianhua Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161000, China.
Sumayya Nadhim MohammadMedical Laboratory Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, University of Al-Maarif, Anbar, Iraq.
Lusine G KhachatryanDepartment of Pediatric Diseases, N.F.Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's Health, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
Jaafaru Sani MohammedMedical Analysis Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.ORCID 0000-0002-6635-4931
Soumya V MenonDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Mandeep KaurDepartment of Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India.
Ibrokhim SapaevDepartment Physics and Chemistry, Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Majid S JabirDepartment of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
Beneen HusseenMedical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
Hosein AziziWomen's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. aziziepid@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEvidence shows that vitamin D affects brain function. Transcription of over 1000 genes is known to be controlled by vitamin D, potentially contributing to the neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects that can influence suicidal behavior. Several investigations with contradicting findings have identified an association between suicidal behaviors (SBs) or depressive symptoms and low vitamin D levels. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the pooled association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of suicide, suicide attempt (SA), and suicidal ideation (SI).

methodsA systematic search was performed through PubMed, Web of science (ISI), Scopus, Embase, and grey literature up to 10 October 2024. Meta-analysis included observational studies that assessed the association between SBs and vitamin D blood serum level and/or vitamin D deficiency. After screening and quality assessment, meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis using random effects model were carried out to estimate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of suicide, SA, and SI. We also calculated pooled standard mean difference (SMD) of vitamin D levels between control subjects and patients with SBs.

resultsA total of 14,095 records were identified. Finally, 13 studies participating 515,406 subjects were included in the meta-analysis after eligibility assessment. Vitamin D deficiency non-significantly increased the risk of suicide, SA, and SI (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 0.93 - 3.12), (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 0.98 - 2.80), and (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.94 - 1.41), respectively. However, levels of vitamin D in patients with SBs were significantly lower than in controls without any SBs (SMD = -0.69; 95% CI: -0.89 - -0.49).

conclusionThe results of this meta-analysis indicated that vitamin D levels are lower among patients with SBs. These findings can inform suicide prevention programs, particularly for target groups experiencing significant vitamin D deficiency.

Indexed as

Suicidal IdeationSuicideSuicide, AttemptedVitamin D DeficiencyHumansRisk FactorsVitamin DVitamin DMental illnessSuicidal behaviorsSuicideVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID40000977
PMCPMC11863558

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.