ArticleScientific reports2025
Combined bio fortification of spinach plant through foliar spraying with iodine and selenium elements.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biofortification of Sprouts and Microgreens with Trace Elements and Calcium.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Biofortification with selenium and melatonin improves seed yield and quality of Phaseolus vulgaris L. under drought stress by enhancing physiological and antioxidant responses.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Effects of iodine and selenium biofortification on Ocimum basilicum L. nutritional quality.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Selenium phytofortification: enhanced stress resistance and nutraceutical enrichment in horticultural crops.Horticulture research · 2025Article
- Integrating molecular mechanisms and agronomic strategies for selenium biofortification in horticultural crops.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of combined biofortification of spinach with iodine (I) and selenium (Se). For this purpose, the spinach plant was cultivated in an open field (Dehdasht, Iran), biofortified with potassium iodide (KI) and sodium selenate (Na₂SeO₄) at different concentrations (Se 1 mg/L-I 1 mg/l; Se1-I1, Se2.5-I1, Se5-I1, Se1-I5, Se2.5-I5, and Se5-I5) through spraying the leaves twice during the growth season. Results indicated that while iodine did not have any effect on plant yield, selenium fortification at 2.5 mg/L significantly increased production (60.05 t/ha). However, both elements were successfully accumulated in the leaves of the plant. Therefore, the highest accumulation for both elements was noted by Se5-I5 sample. Meanwhile, the joint biofortification of spinach improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes, macro/microelements content, photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase activity, ascorbic acid, total phenol content, carotenoid compounds, total soluble solids, and dry matter percentage, while decreasing the nitrate and malondialdehyde contents in the leaves, resulting in a plant with improved dietary properties and yield production. In this regard, treatment Se2.5-I5 was the best treatment in relation to various tests conducted.
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