Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39999891›Full record

ArticleBiology letters2025

Prenatal sex determination illuminates the unusual adult sex ratio of a group-living lemur.

Leonie Pethig, Arpat Ozgul, Michael Heistermann, Claudia Fichtel, Peter M Kappeler

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biology letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Leonie PethigBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany.ORCID 0009-0003-3742-7884
Arpat OzgulDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7477-2642
Michael HeistermannEndocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
Claudia FichtelBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8346-2168
Peter M KappelerBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4801-487X

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most mammals, including humans, exhibit even or slightly male-biased birth sex ratios (BSRs) and female-biased adult sex ratios (ASRs) much later in life due to higher male mortality rates. The group-living primates of Madagascar are unusual in this respect because they lack female-biased ASRs, but it is unknown whether this is the result of skewed BSRs or sex-specific disappearance patterns. Using long-term demographic data from wild red-fronted lemurs (

Indexed as

LemurSex Determination ProcessesSex RatioAnimalsEstrogensFecesFemaleMadagascarMalePregnancyEstrogenslemursprenatal sex determinationreproductive costssex ratiossurvival

Identifiers

PMID39999891
PMCPMC11858743

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.