Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39999839›Full record

Observational studyCell reports. Medicine2025

Exposure to autoimmune disorders is associated with increased Alzheimer's disease risk in a multi-site electronic health record analysis.

Grace D Ramey, Alice Tang, Thanaphong Phongpreecha, Monica M Yang, Sarah R Woldemariam, Tomiko T Oskotsky, Thomas J Montine, Isabel Allen, Zachary A Miller, Nima Aghaeepour and 2 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Cell reports. Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Unraveling the oral microbiome's role in Alzheimer's disease: From pathophysiology to therapeutic potential.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Grace D RameyBiological and Medical Informatics PhD Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Alice TangBakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Thanaphong PhongpreechaDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Monica M YangDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sarah R WoldemariamBakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Tomiko T OskotskyBakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Thomas J MontineDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Isabel AllenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Zachary A MillerMemory and Aging Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nima AghaeepourDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
John A CapraBakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: tony@capralab.org.
Marina SirotaBakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: marina.sirota@ucsf.edu.

Funding

RESOURCE-BASED CENTER FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF PRECISION MEDICINE IN RHEUMATOLOGYP30AR070155 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Mary C Nakamura · 2016 to 2026
$8.2M
Leveraging Clinical Data for Phenotyping and Predictive Modelling of Alzheimer’s DiseaseF30AG079504 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI TANG, ALICE SUMMER · 2022 to 2025
$187k
Investigating clinical risk between autoimmunity and Alzheimer’s Disease in diverse human populationsF31AG090013 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Grace Ramey · 2024 to 2026
$93k
NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR070155NIA NIH HHS F30 AG079504NIA NIH HHS F31 AG090013
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autoimmunity has been proposed to increase Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, but evaluating the clinical connection between autoimmune disorders and AD has been difficult in diverse populations. We investigate risk relationships between 26 autoimmune disorders and AD using retrospective observational case-control and cohort study designs based on electronic health records for >300,000 individuals at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Stanford University. We discover that autoimmune disorders are associated with increased AD risk (odds ratios [ORs] 1.4-1.7) across study designs, primarily driven by endocrine, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and musculoskeletal disorders. We also find that autoimmune disorders associate with increased AD risk in both sexes, but the AD sex disparity remains in those with autoimmune disorders: women exhibit higher AD prevalence than men. This study identifies consistent associations between autoimmune disorders and AD across study designs and two real-world clinical databases, establishing a foundation for exploring how autoimmunity may contribute to AD risk.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAutoimmune DiseasesElectronic Health RecordsAgedAged, 80 and overCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAlzheimer’sautoimmunitybioinformaticscase-controlcohortelectronic health recordsrisk analysissex differencesstatistical epidemiology

Identifiers

PMID39999839
PMCPMC11970322

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.