ReviewCytokine2025
Inhibition of inflammation by IL-6 blockade in xenotransplantation.
Review in Cytokine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Xenotransplantation: lessons from history, genetic engineering, and early clinical experience-an interview with Dr. David K. C. Cooper.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Article
- The Role of the Endothelium as a Key Regulator of Chronic Transplant Rejection.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Review
- Article
- Future Therapy for End-Stage Kidney Failure: Gene-Edited Pig Kidney Xenotransplantation.Kidney medicine · 2025Review
- C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker of Inflammation and Graft Injury After Kidney and Heart Allo- and Xenotransplantation Into Non-Human Primates.XenotransplantationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a role in both acute and chronic organ allotransplant rejection. Data suggest that IL-6 inhibition may help prevent or reverse rejection, with large multi-center trials now underway. However, the evidence for the benefit of IL-6 inhibitors in xenotransplantation is limited. IL-6 inhibition has been explored in nonhuman-primate models of xenotransplantation, but no clear consensus exists on its efficacy or the best mode of IL-6 inhibition (anti-IL-6 antibodies, or through IL-6 receptor [IL-6R] blockade). Extra considerations for IL-6 blockade exist in xenotransplantation, as both recipient (human) and xenograft-derived (porcine) IL-6 may play roles. The systemic inflammation seen in xenograft recipients (SIXR) contributes to significant morbidity and mortality for the recipient through coagulation dysfunction and augmentation of the immune response. Anti-IL-6 antibodies (e.g., siltuximab) bind to human IL-6 and prevent IL-6R activation, but do not bind to porcine IL-6, and so have no effect in preventing graft-driven inflammatory processes. In contrast, IL-6R inhibitors (e.g., tocilizumab) inhibit IL-6 activity by blocking binding of human and porcine IL-6 to human IL-6R. Although IL-6R blockade cannot prevent the effect of IL-6 on porcine cells, it probably prevents graft-derived IL-6 from contributing to an inflammatory response in the host. This review outlines the role of IL-6 in xenotransplantation and discusses mechanisms for inhibiting IL-6 to improve recipient survival.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.