ArticleNeurology2025
Comparison of Inpatient and Emergency Department Costs to Research Funding for Functional Neurologic Disorder: An Economic Analysis.
Article in Neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unmet needs in functional neurological disorder related to digital healthcare.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Diagnostic Agreement and 1-Year Outcomes in Functional Neurological Disorder Following Neuroscience-Informed Assessment, Education, and Counseling: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Functional Connectivity Gradients Reveal Altered Hierarchical Cortical Organization in Functional Neurological Disorder.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Exploring the Dynamic Relationship Between Migraine and Functional Neurological Disorders: A Narrative Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Functional Connectivity Predictors and Mechanisms of Symptom Change in Functional Neurological Disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Functional connectivity predictors and mechanisms of symptom change in functional neurological disorder.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Beyond the spike: Functional (dissociative) seizures as a key to holistic attitudes in seizure disorders.Epilepsia · 2026Review
- Uncertainty as an operative construct and treatment target in functional neurological disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cognitive rehabilitation for functional neurological disorder.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Developing an Outpatient Transdisciplinary Functional Movement Disorder Program: 1-Year Experience.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Frequency and characteristics of functional neurological disorder in the emergency department.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Functional neurological disorder: Practical management.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Comparison of Inpatient and Emergency Department Costs to Research Funding for Functional Neurologic Disorder: An Economic Analysis.Neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of the study was to assess US inpatient and emergency department (ED) charges for functional neurologic disorder (FND), investigate subtype variations, and compare costs with research funding.
methodsWe used 2009-2019 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data to assess adult and pediatric inpatient/ED stays and associated charges in 2019 inflation-adjusted dollars, for ICD-10-defined FND (F.44.4-F44.7) vs neurologic comparators neuroinflammatory/demyelinating diseases, refractory epilepsy, and anterior horn cell diseases. NIH research funding (2017-2023) was assessed using NIH RePORTER.
resultsInpatient charges in 2019 were $1,614.1 million (95% CI $1,492.8-1,735.4 million) for adult FND, a 47% increase since 2017, higher than for comparators, and $105.7 million (95% CI $83.5-127.8 million) for pediatric FND, a 37% increase since 2012, lower than for comparators. ED charges in 2019 were $257.9 million (95% CI $230.1-285.8 million) for adult FND, a 67% increase since 2017, exceeding those of all comparators except refractory epilepsy, and $257.9 million (95% CI $230.1-285.8 million) for pediatric FND, a 108% increase, greater than for comparators. Functional seizures accounted for most FND costs while motor/mixed FND had the highest per-patient costs. Inpatient/ED charges in 2019 for adult/pediatric FND were $2.0 billion, a 49% increase since 2017. The relative proportion of NIH funding to total inpatient/ED charges was lowest for FND vs all neurologic comparators. DISCUSSION: Rising inpatient/ED costs of FND care surpass those of similarly complex neurologic conditions, yet FND receives minimal research funding relative to health care costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.