Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39998266›Full record

ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

The Nun Study: Insights from 30 years of aging and dementia research.

Kyra M Clarke, Shahroo Etemadmoghadam, Benjamin Danner, Cole Corbett, Ali Ghaseminejad-Bandpey, Matthew Dopler, Julie Parker-Garza, Mohammad Alhneif, Sahana Babu, Oluwaseun B Ogunbona and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Choroid plexus volume in pathology-confirmed Alzheimer's disease.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Modeling small vessel disease burden and vascular dementia likelihood from NACC data.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The Nun Study: Insights from 30 years of aging and dementia research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kyra M ClarkeGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-3992
Shahroo EtemadmoghadamGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Benjamin DannerGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Cole CorbettGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Ali Ghaseminejad-BandpeyGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Matthew DoplerGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Julie Parker-GarzaGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Mohammad AlhneifGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Sahana BabuGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Oluwaseun B OgunbonaGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Angelique D GonzalezGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Arash SalardiniGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Margaret E FlanaganGlenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

Funding

South Texas Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG066546 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Anna Campbell Sullivan · 2021 to 2026
$24.0M
Federated digital pathology platform for AD/ADRD research and diagnosticsU24NS133945 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI BUMGARDNER, CODY, FLANAGAN, MARGARET E · 2023 to 2025
$4.9M
Characterize neuronal and glial cell-specific vulnerability to proteinopathies in Alzheimer's disease using multimodal single-nuclei genomic and epigenomic approachesR01AG082118 · NIA · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI BONAKDARPOUR, BORNA, CHENG, FEIXIONG · 2023 to 2025
$2.4M
South Texas Medical Scientist Training Program (STX-MSTP)T32GM145432 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Jose E Cavazos, Ratna K Vadlamudi · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
Exploring the origins of myelin abnormalities in normal ageing and in vascular dementiaRF1AG072080 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI FLANAGAN, MARGARET E, POPKO, BRIAN J · 2021 to 2021
$2.2M
Exploring the origins of myelin abnormalities in normal ageing and in vascular dementiaR01AG072080 · NIA · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI FLANAGAN, MARGARET E, POPKO, BRIAN J · 2024 to 2025
$1.4M
nvestigating the role of neuroinflammation in Limbic-predominant age related TDP43 encephalopathyK08AG065463 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI FLANAGAN, MARGARET E · 2020 to 2024
$816k
Baptist Foundation of San Antonio EndowmentNIA NIH HHS K08 AG065463NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066546NIA NIH HHS P30AG066546NIA NIH HHS R01 AG072080NIA NIH HHS R01 AG082118NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG072080NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM145432NIHNINDS NIH HHS U24 NS133945NINDS NIH HHS U24NS133945Owens Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Nun Study is an iconic longitudinal study of aging and dementia on a cohort of 678 Catholic nuns from the School Sisters of Notre Dame. Participants consented to undergoing annual neuropsychological assessments, allowing researchers access to convent archives and medical records and post mortem brain donation. This study investigated the associations between epidemiological factors, cognitive function, and brain pathology. By examining published literature that reports on or utilizes Nun Study data, we provide an overview of its methodology and key findings, emphasizing its significant contributions to understanding cognitive impairment and related neuropathologies. Seminal findings on early-life factors affecting cognitive health, clinicopathological correlations, and apparent resistance and resilience to neuropathology are discussed. Decades of Nun Study research have made critical contributions to our understanding of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and highlight continuing objectives for future research. HIGHLIGHTS: The uniform lifestyles of participants minimized potential confounds of the study. Early-life cognitive ability influenced late-life cognitive outcomes. Some participants with AD pathology did not exhibit dementia. Neuropathological comorbidities were common and increased the risk of dementia.

Indexed as

AgingBrainDementiaAgedAged, 80 and overAlzheimer DiseaseCognitive DysfunctionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleNeuropsychological TestsagingAlzheimer's diseasecognitive reservedementiadigital pathologyepidemiologyneuropathologyNun Study

Identifiers

PMID39998266
PMCPMC11852352

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.