Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39998038›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2025

Epidemiological Dynamics and Trends of Dengue Outbreaks in Sao Tome and Principe: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis (2022-2024).

Sousa Lazaro, Vilfrido Santana Gil, Ivando Carvalho Viegas de Ceita, Isaulina Neto Viegas Barreto, Eula Carvalho Batista Sousa Maquengo, Andreza Batista de Sousa, Bakissy da Costa Pina, Tieble Traore, Alimuddin Zumla, John Otokoye Otshudiema

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In one paragraph

Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sousa LazaroMinistry of Health, Rua Patrice Lumumba, Sao Tome C.P. 23, Sao Tome and Principe.
Vilfrido Santana GilWorld Health Organization (WHO) Country Office, Country Preparedness & IHR (CPI) Department, Avenida Kwame N'Krumah, Sao Tome C.P. 287, Sao Tome and Principe.
Ivando Carvalho Viegas de CeitaInstituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Largo das Alfândegas, Sao Tome C.P. 256, Sao Tome and Principe.
Isaulina Neto Viegas BarretoMinistry of Health, Rua Patrice Lumumba, Sao Tome C.P. 23, Sao Tome and Principe.
Eula Carvalho Batista Sousa MaquengoMinistry of Health, Rua Patrice Lumumba, Sao Tome C.P. 23, Sao Tome and Principe.
Andreza Batista de SousaMinistry of Health, Rua Patrice Lumumba, Sao Tome C.P. 23, Sao Tome and Principe.
Bakissy da Costa PinaMinistry of Health, Rua Patrice Lumumba, Sao Tome C.P. 23, Sao Tome and Principe.
Tieble TraoreWorld Health Organization (WHO), African Regional Office, Emergencies Preparedness and Response (EPR), Cité du Djoué, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo.
Alimuddin ZumlaDivision of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK.
John Otokoye OtshudiemaWorld Health Organization (WHO), African Regional Office, Emergencies Preparedness and Response (EPR), Cité du Djoué, Brazzaville P.O. Box 06, Congo.ORCID 0000-0001-9946-7951

Funding

World Health Organization 001World Health Organization WHO AFRO DENGUE IMST
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDengue has emerged as a significant public health concern in Sao Tome and Principe, with the first documented outbreak occurring between 2022 and 2024. This study examined the epidemiological patterns, environmental determinants, and demographic characteristics of dengue transmission during this period.

methodsWe conducted a comprehensive retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed dengue cases using national surveillance data, clinical records, and environmental monitoring data. Statistical analyses included demographic profiling, temporal trend assessment, and environmental correlation studies using multiple regression modeling.

resultsAmong 1264 laboratory-confirmed cases, we observed distinct age-specific vulnerability patterns, with the highest incidence rate in the 70-79 age group (829.6 per 100,000) despite most cases occurring in younger adults. Rainfall emerged as the strongest predictor of dengue transmission (r = 0.96,

conclusionsThis first comprehensive analysis of dengue in Sao Tome and Principe demonstrates the crucial role of rainfall in disease transmission and reveals important age-specific vulnerability patterns. These findings provide an evidence base for developing targeted interventions, particularly during high-rainfall periods, and suggest the need for age-stratified clinical protocols in similar island settings.

Indexed as

dengueepidemiologypublic health interventionsrainfall patternsSao Tome and Principe

Identifiers

PMID39998038
PMCPMC11860262

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.