Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39997816›Full record

ArticleNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

The Effect of Carbon Nanofibers on the Microstructure, Chemistry, and Pore Structure of Concrete Made with Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregates.

Nathanial Buettner, Gass Iyacu, Giovanni Dal Poggetto, Ange-Therese Akono

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nathanial BuettnerDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Gass IyacuDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Giovanni Dal PoggettoDepartment of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Ange-Therese AkonoDepartment of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1892-9769

Funding

National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research DMR-1928702National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program DGE-2234667
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is produced using recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) obtained from crushed old concrete. Although RCAs offer a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates, the poor durability and mechanical performance of RAC limit its widespread application. This study investigated the enhancement of RAC's durability and performance through the incorporation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs). A novel processing method was developed to prepare high-slump CNF-modified RAC, and its chemistry, pore structure, and microstructure were analyzed using backscattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The results showed that CNFs significantly reduced the porosity and permeability, with a decrease in the porosity by 9.0 wt.% and a decrease in the water permeability by 39.3% at an optimal CNF dosage of 0.5% by weight. Furthermore, CNFs promoted the formation of calcium hydroxide and enhanced the densification of the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) matrix, leading to improved resistance against environmental stressors. These findings provide a critical pathway for designing sustainable, high-durability RAC for structural applications.

Indexed as

durability enhancementnanomaterial modificationpore structure optimizationsustainable concrete

Identifiers

PMID39997816
PMCPMC11858078

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.