Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39997694›Full record

ArticleMetabolites2025

LC-QToF-MS Analysis of Stimulant Drugs and Their Metabolites in Wastewater During Football Games.

Brandon J Stamper, Krishna Chaturvedi, Bharathi Avula, Ji-Yeong Bae, Yan-Hong Wang, Kyle S Bledsoe, Ikhlas A Khan, Murrell Godfrey

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Article in Metabolites, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Brandon J StamperDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
Krishna ChaturvediDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2706-5336
Bharathi AvulaNational Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8656-9526
Ji-Yeong BaeNational Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
Yan-Hong WangNational Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3341-8991
Kyle S BledsoeDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-7771-4722
Ikhlas A KhanNational Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5464-4643
Murrell GodfreyDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe use of illicit drugs and stimulants is a burgeoning socioeconomic problem, ultimately leading to an increase in street crimes and deteriorating human health. The persistent presence of CNS drugs in wastewater can also lead to downstream adverse effects on aquatic wildlife and humans.

objectivesIn the present study, a method was developed for the solid-phase extraction and quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis of CNS stimulant drugs and their metabolites in municipal wastewater. The targeted species included amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), cocaine, and benzoylecgonine (BE).

methodsThe method was validated and applied to analyzing wastewater samples collected at the University of Mississippi and the City of Oxford wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during weekends when the university hosted home college football games.

resultsOur results indicate that while amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and BE were all detected at quantifiable levels, amphetamine and BE were present in significantly higher concentrations in wastewater during football games.

conclusionThe insights from this study can be utilized to monitor long-term drug use trends, providing local law enforcement agencies with relevant data on consumption patterns over time.

Indexed as

drugs of abusefootball gamesLC-QToF-MSmetabolitesstimulantswastewater

Identifiers

PMID39997694
PMCPMC11857573

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.