Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39997589›Full record

ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2025

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG)-Loaded Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Seems to Be Effective in a Rat Model of Collagenase-Induced Achilles Tendinopathy.

Hwa Jun Kang, Sivakumar Allur Subramanian, Si Young Song, Jihyun Hwang, Collin Lee, Sung Jae Kim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Novel Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026
    Article
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  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hwa Jun KangDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseoung 18450, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-0236-2393
Sivakumar Allur SubramanianDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseoung 18450, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-1354-7780
Si Young SongDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseoung 18450, Republic of Korea.
Jihyun HwangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-9207-8100
Collin LeeDepartment of Biology, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Sung Jae KimDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseoung 18450, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-4785-8154

Funding

Hallym University Hallym University Research FundNational Research Foundation of Korea NRF- 2022R1C1C1011649
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tendon injuries account for 45% of musculoskeletal injuries. However, research on the occurrence and pathogenesis of tendinopathy is insufficient, and there is still much debate regarding treatment methods. It is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses because oxidative stress in tendon tissue is induced by various factors, including inflammatory cytokines, drug exposure, and metabolic abnormalities. In this study, 28 rats were divided into four groups (7 rats assigned to each group): control group (CON), collagenase injection group (CL), collagenase injection and hyaluronic acid injection group (CL + HA), and collagenase injection and EGCG-loaded hyaluronic acid injection group (CL + HA + EGCG). Seven weeks after the start of the study, all rats underwent histochemical analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot. The results showed increased inflammatory cells, disarray of collagen matrix, and degradation of the collagen matrix in the CL group. However, in the EGCG-treated group, there was a significant increase in type I collagen expression and a significant decrease in type III collagen expression, compared to the CL group. Additionally, there was an increase in the expression of antioxidant markers SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) and CAT (Catalase), tenogenic markers COLL-1 (collagen type I), and SCX (Scleraxis), and a downregulated expression of apoptosis markers cas-3 and cas-7. Our findings suggest that EGCG-loaded hyaluronic acid hydrogel exhibits potential in preventing tendon damage and promoting the regeneration process in a rat model of Achilles tendinopathy. The insights gained from our histological and molecular investigations highlight the future potential for testing novel tendinopathy treatments in human subjects.

Indexed as

Achilles tendinopathyEpigallocatechin-3-gallatehyaluronic acidreactive oxygen species

Identifiers

PMID39997589
PMCPMC11856759

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.