Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39997570›Full record

ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2025

Functional neuroimaging in disorders of consciousness: towards clinical implementation.

Karnig Kazazian, Martin M Monti, Adrian M Owen

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  4. Recovery from disorders of consciousness: Lesions and GABAergic modulation in a biologically inspired spiking neural network.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Karnig KazazianWestern Institute of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Canada N6A 3K7.ORCID 0000-0001-6157-601X
Martin M MontiBrain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Adrian M OwenWestern Institute of Neuroscience, Western University, London, Canada N6A 3K7.

Funding

Canadian Institute of Health Research Foundation #408004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Functional neuroimaging has provided several new tools for improving both the diagnosis and prognosis in patients with disorders of consciousness. These tools are now being used to detect residual and covert awareness in behaviourally non-responsive patients with an acquired severe brain injury and predict which patients are likely to recover. Despite endorsement of advanced imaging by multiple clinical bodies, widespread implementation of imaging techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI), EEG and PET in both acute and prolonged disorders of consciousness patients has been hindered by perceived costs, technological barriers, and lack of expertise needed to acquire, interpret and implement these methods. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of neuroimaging in disorders of consciousness, the different technical approaches employed (i.e. fMRI, EEG, PET), the imaging paradigms used (active, passive, resting state) and the types of inferences that have been made about residual cortical function based on those paradigms (e.g. perception, awareness, communication). Next, we outline how these barriers might be overcome, discuss which select patients stand to benefit the most from these neuroimaging techniques, and consider when, during their clinical trajectory, imaging tests are likely to be most useful. Moreover, we make recommendations that will help clinicians decide which advanced imaging technologies and protocols are likely to be most appropriate in any particular clinical case. Finally, we describe how these techniques can be implemented in routine clinical care to augment current clinical tools and outline future directions for the field as a whole.

Indexed as

BrainConsciousness DisordersFunctional NeuroimagingNeuroimagingElectroencephalographyHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingPositron-Emission Tomographycognitive motor dissociationcomacovert awarenessdisorders of consciousnessminimally conscious statevegetative state

Identifiers

PMID39997570
PMCPMC12233511

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.