Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39997165›Full record

ArticleJournal of Intelligence2025

Exploring Critical Eye-Tracking Metrics for Identifying Cognitive Strategies in Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices: A Data-Driven Perspective.

Yaohui Liu, Keren He, Kaiwen Man, Peida Zhan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Intelligence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yaohui LiuSchool of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4513-8399
Keren HeMental Health Education and Development Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Kaiwen ManEducational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9696-9726
Peida ZhanSchool of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6890-7691

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present study utilized a recursive feature elimination approach in conjunction with a random forest algorithm to assess the efficacy of various features in predicting cognitive strategy usage in Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices. In addition to item response accuracy (RA) and response time (RT), five key eye-tracking metrics were examined: proportional time on matrix (PTM), latency to first toggle (LFT), rate of latency to first toggle (RLT), number of toggles (NOT), and rate of toggling (ROT). The results indicated that PTM, RLT, and LFT were the three most critical features, with PTM emerging as the most significant predictor of cognitive strategy usage, followed by RLT and LFT. Clustering analysis of these optimal features validated their utility in effectively distinguishing cognitive strategies. The study's findings underscore the potential of specific eye-tracking metrics as objective indicators of cognitive processing while providing a data-driven method to identify strategies used in complex reasoning tasks.

Indexed as

cognitive strategyeye movementintelligencematrix reasoningrandom forest

Identifiers

PMID39997165
PMCPMC11856599

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.