ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Human Energy Balance: Uncovering the Hidden Variables of Obesity.
Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pancreatic-liver crosstalk, novel molecular mediators, and 2025 therapeutic breakthroughs.World journal of methodology · 2026Review
- Dietary Supplementation withAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of an Explainable Machine Learning Model to Assess the Prevalence Probability of Gastrointestinal Heat Retention Syndrome in Children: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Dietary Fiber and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Obesity Management: Converging Mechanisms, Interactions, and Strategies for Durable Weight Control.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Effects of probiotics and synbiotics on body weight management in individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Physical activity and nutrition · 2026Article
- Chrononutrition, Body Composition, and Resting Metabolic Rate Among College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Caspase-6 Controls Lipid and Energy Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obesity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Identification of pharmaceuticals and environmental contaminants as obesogens inducing a locomotion-independent thrifty phenotype.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Isoform-Specific Control of Adipose Thermogenesis by the miR-27 Family Reveals Antagonism within a Polycistronic miRNA Cluster.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- From Engel's Bio-Psycho-Social model to the personalized health determinants model: a comprehensive framework and illustrative operationalization for precision health.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Duration-dependent gut microbiota disruption drives opposing effects on adipose thermogenesis in obese mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Personalized nutrition for healthy aging: precision diets based on genomic, metabolic, and microbiome profiles.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Multivariate characterization of the nutritional diversity of traditional Ecuadorian foods.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The menopause-obesity axis in MASH progression: from estrogen decline to liver fibrosis.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Determinants of Body Mass Index Among Vocational College Adolescents.International journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with obesity in Rwanda: Evidence from the 2022 NCD STEPS Survey.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Chrononutrition and Energy Balance: How Meal Timing and Circadian Rhythms Shape Weight Regulation and Metabolic Health.Nutrients · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic, creating an increased burden of weight-related diseases and straining healthcare systems worldwide. While the fundamental principle of energy balance-caloric intake versus expenditure-remains central to weight regulation, real-world outcomes often deviate from simplistic predictions due to a multitude of physiological and environmental factors. Genetic predispositions, variations in basal metabolic rates, adaptive thermogenesis, physical activity, and nutrient losses via fecal and urinary excretion contribute to interindividual differences in energy homeostasis. Additionally, factors such as meal timing, macronutrient composition, gut microbiota dynamics, and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) further modulate energy utilization and metabolic efficiency. This Perspective explores key physiological determinants of the energy balance, while also highlighting the clinical significance of thrifty versus spendthrifty metabolic phenotypes. Key strategies for individualized weight management include precision calorimetry, circadian-aligned meal timing, the use of protein- and whole food diets to enhance DIT, and increases in non-exercise activity, as well as mild cold exposure and the use of thermogenic agents (e.g., capsaicin-like compounds) to stimulate brown adipose tissue activity. A comprehensive, personalized approach to obesity management that moves beyond restrictive caloric models is essential to achieving sustainable weight control and improving long-term metabolic health. Integrating these multifactorial insights into clinical practice will enhance obesity treatment strategies, fostering more effective and enduring interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.