Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39996737›Full record

ReviewCells2025

Immune Modulation in Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Immunotherapy.

Sahar Balkhi, Anna Di Spirito, Alessandro Poggi, Lorenzo Mortara

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cells, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sahar BalkhiImmunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8236-2168
Anna Di SpiritoImmunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
Alessandro PoggiMolecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1860-430X
Lorenzo MortaraImmunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4757-7101

Funding

Fondi di Ateneo per la Ricerca, Università dell'Insubria FAR2023Fondi di Ateneo per la Ricerca, Università dell'Insubria FAR2024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia, affecting a significant proportion of the elderly population. AD is characterized by cognitive decline and functional impairments due to pathological hallmarks like amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Microglial activation, chronic neuroinflammation, and disruptions in neuronal communication further exacerbate the disease. Emerging research suggests that immune modulation could play a key role in AD treatment given the significant involvement of neuroinflammatory processes. This review focuses on recent advancements in immunotherapy strategies aimed at modulating immune responses in AD, with a specific emphasis on microglial behavior, amyloid clearance, and tau pathology. By exploring these immunotherapeutic approaches, we aim to provide insights into their potential to alter disease progression and improve patient outcomes, contributing to the evolving landscape of AD treatment.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseImmunomodulationImmunotherapyAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsHumansMicrogliatau ProteinsAmyloid beta-Peptidestau ProteinsAlzheimer’s diseasechronic neuroinflammationimmunotherapymicroglial activation

Identifiers

PMID39996737
PMCPMC11853524

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.