ReviewGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Advances in 3D and 4D Printing of Gel-Based Foods: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Directions.
Review in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of Xanthan Gum on the Storage Stability of Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Myofibrillar Protein Microgel Particles.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gel-Based 3D Food Printing for Dysphagia Management: Advances in Personalized Nutrition, Texture Control, and Clinical Translation.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nutritional, Ethical and Ecological Aspects of Cultured Meat with Particular Emphasis on Functional Food Production: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Adoption of 3D-Printed Food in Romania: Price Perception as a Key Determinant of Consumer Acceptance.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Critical Review: Gel-Based Edible Inks for 3D Food Printing: Materials, Rheology-Geometry Mapping, and Control.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Soft Gels in Food Systems: Recent Advances, Applications, and Technological Innovations.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tuning Nanostructure of Gels: From Structural and Functional Controls to Food Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Thermosensitive Hydrogels: Mechanism, Optimization Strategies, and Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Mechanical Glass Transition Temperature Affords a Fundamental Quality Control in Condensed Gels for Innovative Application in Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This review examines recent advancements in gel-based 3D and 4D food-printing technologies, with a focus on their applications in personalized nutrition and functional foods. It emphasizes the critical role of tunable rheological and mechanical properties in gels such as starch, protein, and Pickering emulsions, which are essential for successful printing. The review further explores 4D food printing, highlighting stimuli-responsive mechanisms, including color changes and deformation induced by external factors like temperature and pH. These innovations enhance both the sensory and functional properties of printed foods, advancing opportunities for personalization. Key findings from recent studies are presented, demonstrating the potential of various gels to address dietary challenges, such as dysphagia, and to enable precise nutritional customization. The review integrates cutting-edge research, identifies emerging trends and challenges, and underscores the pivotal role of gel-based materials in producing high-quality 3D-printed foods. Additionally, it highlights the potential of Pickering emulsions and lipid gels for expanding functionality and structural diversity. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive foundation for advancing future research and practical applications in gel-based 3D and 4D food printing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.