ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Sex Differences in the Relationship of Socioeconomic Position With Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Estimated Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Results of the German National Cohort.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Occupational differences in sickness presenteeism in the baseline survey of the German National Cohort (NAKO).Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Narrowing sex differences in pharmacotherapy following invasive angiography for coronary artery disease between 2017 and 2024.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- Article
- Education Expands the Gender Gap in Blood Pressure in China: Evidence from a Comparative Analysis of Birth Cohorts.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- External validation of the PREVENT risk score: performance and clinical utility in an Iranian population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation in Women: Pathophysiological Links, Clinical Challenges, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Prevalence, correlates of dyslipidaemia, and 10-year cardiovascular risk among people living with HIV and people without HIV adults in Rwanda: insights from the NCOHIRWA cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Article
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40 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundUsing data from the largest German cohort study, we aimed to investigate sex differences in the relationship of socioeconomic position (SEP) with cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, and estimated CVD risk. METHODS AND
resultsA total of 204 780 (50.5% women) participants from the baseline examination of the population-based NAKO (German National Cohort) were included. Logistic, multinomial, and linear regression models were used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) and β coefficients with 95% CIs of CVD, CVD risk factors, and very high-risk score (Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation-2) for CVD associated with SEP. Women-to-men ratios of ORs (RORs) with 95% CIs were estimated. In women compared with men, low versus high SEP (educational attainment and relative income) was more strongly associated with myocardial infarction, hypertension, obesity, overweight, elevated blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and current alcohol consumption, but less strongly with current and former smoking. In women with the lowest versus highest educational level, the OR for a very high 10-year CVD risk was 3.61 (95% CI, 2.88-4.53) compared with 1.72 (95% CI, 1.51-1.96) in men. The women-to-men ROR was 2.33 (95% CI, 1.78-3.05). For the comparison of low versus high relative income, the odds of having a very high 10-year CVD risk was 2.55 (95% CI, 2.04-3.18) in women and 2.25 (95% CI, 2.08-2.42) in men (women-to-men ROR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.05-1.63]).
conclusionsIn women and men, there was an inverse relationship between indicators of SEP and the likelihood of having several CVD risk factors and a very high 10-year CVD risk. This association was stronger in women, suggesting that CVD risk is more strongly influenced by SEP in women compared with men.
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