ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Sex-Related Differences in the Prognostic Role of Acetylcholine Provocation Testing.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contemporary Challenges and Strategies for Diagnosing and Managing in Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical Presentation and Treatment Response in Women With Acetylcholine-Confirmed Coronary Spasm: A Single-Center Observational Study.Clinical cardiology · 2026Observational
- Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Sex-Based Differences in Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Prognosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Coronary Artery Spasm: From Physiopathology to Diagnosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIntracoronary provocation testing with acetylcholine (ACh) is helpful to diagnose and risk-stratify patients with ischemia with nonobstructed coronary arteries (NOCA) and myocardial infarction with NOCA. This study explored potential sex-related disparities on the prognostic significance of ACh provocative testing.
methodsConsecutive patients with ischemia with NOCA and those with myocardial infarction with NOCA who underwent ACh provocation testing were enrolled. The primary end point was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events at follow-up. Co-primary end points were angina recurrence and quality of life assessed by 12-month Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) summary score.
resultsA total of 519 patients (mean age, 61.4±12.1 years; 275 [53.0%] women and 244 [47%] men) were enrolled: 346 (66.7%) with ischemia with NOCA and 173 (33.3%) with myocardial infarction with NOCA. A positive ACh test was observed in 274 (52.8%) patients, with a lower prevalence of epicardial spasm (82 [56.2%] versus 106 [82.8%]) and a higher prevalence of microvascular spasm (64 [43.8%] versus 22 [17.2%]) in women compared with men (
conclusionsThis study revealed the importance of recognizing sex-specific differences in the prognostic value of ACh testing for proper management of coronary vasomotor disorders.
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