Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39996040›Full record

ArticleToxicology reports2025

Rising incidence of recreational ketamine use: Clinical cases and management in emergency settings.

Sabrina Marongiu, Maarten van Eijk, Femke M J Gresnigt, Esther A Croes, Eric J F Franssen

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Toxicology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sabrina MarongiuDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, OLVG hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Maarten van EijkDepartment of Medical Oncology and Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Femke M J GresnigtDepartment of Emergency Care, OLVG hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Esther A CroesTrimbos Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Eric J F FranssenDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, OLVG hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The recreational use of ketamine has risen significantly in the Netherlands, particularly among young adults in nightlife settings. This trend has been accompanied by an increase in first aid incidents involving ketamine, often in combination with other substances such as alcohol or MDMA, leading to heightened toxicity. Acute intoxication with ketamine manifests through symptoms like agitation, hallucinations, nausea, tachycardia, and hypertension, while frequent use is associated with long-term complications, including ketamine-induced uropathy. Although ketamine is not currently included in standard toxicological screenings, its detection can aid in diagnosing mixed intoxications, excluding alternative causes, and facilitating referral to follow-up care. Routine inclusion of ketamine in toxicological screening could improve diagnostic precision and better address the health risks associated with its growing prevalence.

Indexed as

Drugs-of-abuseEmergency medicineIntoxicationKetamineKetamine-induced uropathyMixed intoxicationToxicological screening

Identifiers

PMID39996040
PMCPMC11848490

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.