ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2025
The Rate of Secondary Speech Surgery After Cleft Palate Repair: A Systematic Review.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Primary Language Spoken at Home and Speech Outcomes Among Children With Cleft Palate.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Age-Related Changes in Perceived Nasal Resonance of Young Children With Repaired Cleft Palate: A Paired-Comparison Study.FACE (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Characterizing Secondary Velopharyngeal Surgery in Children With Cleft Palate at an Academic Center.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Reported rates of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after primary palatoplasty for cleft palate (CP) range from 5% to 30%. Although some cases are managed with speech therapy, many patients with VPI require surgical intervention. In this study, we investigate the rate of VPI surgery in patients with CP. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were used. Studies reporting the rate of VPI surgery in patients with CP were included. Studies containing patients with submucous clefts and/or lacking 6 months follow-up were excluded. Rates of VPI surgery were calculated through weighted means. Results: Fifty-eight articles were included. The overall rate of VPI surgery was 17.5% ± 9.2% (range, 0%-59%). When stratified by phenotype, the rate of VPI surgery was 20.0% ± 13.1% for unilateral cleft lip and palate (range, 0%-39.6%), 27.1% ± 17.2% for bilateral cleft lip and palate (range, 0%-59%), and 14.4% ± 7.2% for isolated CP (range, 0%-47.4%, Conclusions: Significant variability exists in reported rates of VPI surgery after CP repair. Initial results suggest a higher rate of VPI surgery in association with certain phenotypes and repair techniques, but data are insufficient for robust conclusions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.