Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39995313›Full record

ArticleACS infectious diseases2025

Immunomodulatory Nanoparticles Induce Autophagy in Macrophages and Reduce

Raymonde B Bekale, Retsepile E Maphasa, Sarah D'Souza, Nai Jen Hsu, Avril Walters, Naomi Okugbeni, Craig Kinnear, Muazzam Jacobs, Samantha L Sampson, Mervin Meyer and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. EliminateJournal of medical microbiology · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Inhalational therapy of pulmonary infectionActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Peptide-Based Strategies AgainstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Raymonde B BekaleInfectious Disease Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
Retsepile E MaphasaInfectious Disease Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
Sarah D'SouzaInfectious Disease Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-1750-4964
Nai Jen HsuDivision of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-7718-9839
Avril WaltersDivision of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Naomi OkugbeniDSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Craig KinnearDSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Muazzam JacobsDivision of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Samantha L SampsonDSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
Mervin MeyerDepartment of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
Gene D MorseCenter for Integrated Global Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215, United States.
Admire DubeInfectious Disease Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-5684-6094

Funding

Nanoparticle-based host-directed therapies for eradication of Mycobacterium tuberculosisR01AI152109 · NIAID · STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY · PI DUBE, ADMIRE, REINEKE, JOSHUA JAMES · 2020 to 2024
$1.6M
Development of Nanomedicines for Tuberculosis TreatmentK43TW010371 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE · PI DUBE, ADMIRE · 2017 to 2021
$370k
FIC NIH HHS K43 TW010371NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152109
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious disease. Macrophages are the primary immune responders and become the primary host cells for the causative agent

Indexed as

AutophagyLungMacrophagesMycobacterium tuberculosisNanoparticlesTuberculosisAnimalsBacterial Loadbeta-GlucansCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalFemaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymerbeta-GlucanscurdlanCytokinesPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymerhost-directed therapy, autophagy inductionimmune modulation, Curdlan-PLGA nanoparticlesinnate immunityMycobacterium tuberculosis, immunotherapyPLGA nanoparticlestuberculosis treatment

Identifiers

PMID39995313
PMCPMC11915374

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.