SynthesisJournal of clinical nursing2025
Skin Problems in the Facial Area due to the Use of Personal Protective Equipment in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of clinical nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with PPE use among nurses in COVID-19 wards: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThe use of personal protective equipment can cause various skin problems in the facial area. The aim of the systematic review study is to determine the skin problems and related factors due to the use of personal protective equipment.
designPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Joanna Briggs Institute Systematic Reviews Tools were used in the methodological approach of this systematic review. The publications were searched using MEDLINE(R), CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases without year limitation. Data were screened, extracted and appraised for quality by two authors.
resultsIn total 1670 records were identified, of which 15 studies were included in the review. These studies were mostly conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have shown that the incidence of skin problems in the face area is high due to the use of personal protective equipment. The most common skin problems were pressure injury, rash, irritation, sweating and moisture accumulation and acne. Anatomical regions with skin problems were nose bridge, cheeks, ears, chin and forehead. The duration of use and type of personal protective equipment and sweating and moisture were the most prominent risk factors for the development of skin problems.
conclusionThis study has shown that though the studies included in the review have methodological differences, there is a high rate of skin problems related to personal protective equipment used in the facial region. Well-structured, prospective observational and randomised controlled trials are needed. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is important to understand the types and causes of skin problems in the face area due to the use of personal protective equipment to protect the facial skin health of healthcare workers. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: In the inclusion criteria of this systematic review, the patients or public were not included in the study. TRAIL REGISTRATION: The systematic review study has been registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews System (CRD4202127650).
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