ArticleItalian journal of pediatrics2025
Comorbidity of diarrhea and respiratory infection symptoms, and associated factors among under-five children in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.
Article in Italian journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Household Water and Sanitation Practices and Their Association With Diarrheal and Acute Respiratory Infections Among Children Under Five in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Predictive Model and Spatial Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Mapping inequities in safe water access: a spatial and geographically weighted regression analysis of unimproved water source use in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Insights into the mechanism of intestinal flora imbalance and immune disorder in co-morbidity of pneumonia and diarrhea in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Article
- Determinants and geographic distribution of unimproved sanitation facilities in sub-Saharan Africa, spatial and multilevel analysis using demographic and health survey (DHS) data.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Determinants and spatial patterns of solid fuel use in East Africa based on demographic and health survey data from 2012 to 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of meteorological factors with childhood pneumonia incidence in Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a time-series study (2013-2022).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundChildhood morbidity is frequently characterized by more than one health condition. Children under the age of five in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia experience multiple episodes of diarrhea and respiratory infection symptoms. However, there have been limited studies on comorbidities of diarrhea and respiratory infection symptoms. In addition, most studies conducted in Ethiopia seek separate outcomes for diarrhea and respiratory infection symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of diarrhea and respiratory infection symptoms comorbidity, and associated factors among under-five children in Gondar City.
methodsCommunity-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar City among under-five children from April 05 - May 04, 2023. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect a sample of 836. A structured questionnaire was employed through an interview-administered method for data collection at participants' homes. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify predictors of childhood comorbidity of diarrhea and respiratory infection symptoms.
resultsThe comorbidity prevalence of diarrhea and respiratory infection symptoms in under-five children was 17.22% [CI: 14.8%-19.9%]. Mothers/caretaker age < 25 years (AOR = 3.52 at 95% CI:1.64,7.5), mothers/caretakers who had no formal education (AOR = 4.42 at 95% CI: 2.08,9.9.40), family size > 5 (AOR = 4.52 at 95% CI: 2.13,9.61), second birth order (AOR = 2.67 at 95% CI: 1.31,5.41), children playground not clean(AOR = 2.19 at 95% CI:1.01,4.71), started supplementary feeding at age > 6 months (AOR = 4.51 at 95% CI:1.50,13.58), mothers/caretakers who didn't wash their hands after visiting latrine (AOR = 2.03 at 95% CI: 1.03,4.03), mothers/caretakers who didn't wash their hands with soap and water (AOR = 1.92 at 95% CI: 1.00,3.69) were significantly associated factors with under five children comorbidity of diarrhea and respiratory infection symptoms.
conclusionsAccording to the findings, the prevalence of diarrhea and respiratory infection symptoms comorbidity was higher and variation in the amount of comorbidity is explained by maternal and child predictors. Educating mothers/caregivers about hand washing, sanitation, hygiene, and supplementary feeding is a key approach for the prevention and control of comorbidities in children.
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