ArticleInfectious diseases of poverty2025
Immunogenicity of monkeypox virus surface proteins and cross-reactive antibody responses in vaccinated and infected individuals: implications for vaccine and therapeutic development.
Article in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- MPXV H3L elicits broadly directed CD4 T cell responses in mpox patients and MVA vaccinees.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Differentiating mpox infection and vaccination using a validated multiplex orthopoxvirus IgG serology assay.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Intranasal VACV VR-1354 infection impairs chemosensory function and induces olfactory bulb neuroinflammation in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Serological differentiation between Mpox infection and vaccine-induced immunity: a mini-review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Monkeypox Virus Countermeasures: Vaccines, Antibodies, Drugs and Traditional Chinese Medicine.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Serological evidence uncovers undocumented mpox exposure in febrile patients in Nigeria.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Potent neutralization by antibodies targeting the MPXV A28 protein.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Exploring monkeypox virus antibody levels: insights from human immunological research.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Correlation between microneutralization test and a multiplexed immunoassay for evaluation of monkeypox and vaccinia virus antibodies before and after smallpox vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concerns due to its widespread transmission. This study evaluated the MPXV immunogenic antigens and the impact of vaccinia virus (VACV) vaccination and MPXV infection on cross-reactive antibody responses to conserved proteins from representative MPXV strains that reflected the evolutionary trajectory.
methodsPhylogenetic analyses were first conducted to reveal the evolutionary trajectory of MPXV from 1970 to 2024. A total of 84 serum samples were collected: 42 from VACV-vaccinated individuals, 12 from MPXV-infected participants in the early stage, 13 from the late stage, and 17 from naive individuals. Demographic data, MPXV and HIV status, as well as other clinical information were collected using standardized forms. Immunogenicity, cross-reactive antibody responses, and amino acid similarity to 15 MPXV surface proteins were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, VACV neutralization tests, and sequence alignment. Data analysis methods included analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test, binary logistic regression, Pearson correlation, and linear regression, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05.
resultsThe 186 complete genome sequences were classified into different clades and lineages, ranging from clade Ia to clade IIb C.1.1. Individuals infected with MPXV demonstrated strong antibody responses to antigens A35R, B6R, H3L, and E8L. VACV-vaccinated individuals exhibited broader cross-reactivity, particularly against A21L (P = 0.0003), A28L (P = 0.0028), A29L (P = 0.0324), G2R (P = 0.0003), and H2R (P = 0.0008), compared to MPXV-infected individuals. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant associations (P = 0.0049) between antibody responses and the amino acid sequence similarity with other orthopoxviruses. Furthermore, MPXV-infected individuals exhibited greater neutralizing activity against VACV than those VACV-vaccinated individuals (P < 0.0001), while the vaccinated group retained cross-protective immunity even decades post-vaccination.
conclusionsA35R, B6R, H3L, and E8L are the main immunogenic antigens of MPXV. VACV-vaccination triggers a cross-reactive antibody response to MPXV surface proteins. Our findings suggest the need for targeted vaccines and antibody treatments for MPXV, as well as the reintroduction of smallpox vaccinations with booster doses for high-risk groups.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.