ArticleBMC public health2025
Dietary influence on the link between depression and muscle mass and muscle strength: exploring interaction and mediation effects.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The bidirectional association between depression and sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Planetary health diet index and low muscle mass in adults aged 20-60 years: exploratory evaluation of a dairy-upweighted outcome-specific adaptation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) with muscle mass and strength in US adults: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Association between fat-to-muscle mass ratio and depressive symptoms in U.S. adults: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Investigating the relationship between anxiety, depression, and forearm muscle deformation in amateur athletes using time-series analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe present study aimed to investigate the associations of depression with muscle mass and muscle strength, and whether these associations were modified or mediated by dietary energy intake and dietary quality.
methodsOur study included participants aged 40 and above from the 2011-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depression was evaluated using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) were used to evaluate muscle mass and muscle strength, respectively. Information on dietary intake were obtained via dietary recall. Dietary quality was assessed using healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015). We performed multivariable linear regression models to examine the associations of depression with SMI (N = 3,648) and HGS (N = 4,679). Interaction analyses and mediation analyses were conducted to test the effect of dietary energy intake and HEI-2015 on the associations of depression with SMI and HGS.
resultsDepression was associated with decreased SMI and HGS. Interactions between depression and HEI-2015 were observed for SMI, but not for HGS. The stratified analyses showed that depression was associated with decreased SMI in participants whose HEI-2015 were lower than the median. Mediation analyses revealed that dietary energy intake mediated the associations of depression with SMI and HGS.
conclusionHEI-2015 modified the associations between depression and muscle mass. The inverse associations of depression with muscle mass and muscle strength were partially mediated by dietary energy intake. These findings emphasized the importance of dietary energy intake and dietary quality in preventing muscle loss in middle-aged and older participants with depression.
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