Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39994619›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025

RSL3-loaded nanoparticles amplify the therapeutic potential of cold atmospheric plasma.

Xiaona Cao, Mo Chen, Tianxu Fang, Yueyang Deng, Li Wang, Hanwen Wang, Zhitong Chen, Guojun Chen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Ferroptosis-induced immune modulation: a new frontier in glioblastoma therapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiaona Cao *Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Mo Chen *Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Tianxu FangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Yueyang DengDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Li WangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Hanwen WangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Zhitong ChenPaul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Guojun ChenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. guojun.chen@mcgill.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has exhibited exciting potential for cancer treatment. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), the primary constituents in CAP, contribute to cancer cell death by elevating oxidative stress in cells. However, several intrinsic cellular antioxidant defense systems exist, such as the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) enzyme, which dampens the cell-killing efficacy of CAP. RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3), also known as a ferroptosis inducer, is a synthetic GPX4 inhibitor. Therefore, we hypothesized that RSL3 can amplify CAP-induced cell death by inhibition of GPX4. In this study, we showed that RSL3 loaded in poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles can enhance CAP-induced cell deaths in 4T1 tumor cells. Furthermore, the combination of CAP and RSL3 also promoted cancer immunogenic cell death (ICD), induced dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and macrophage polarization, initiating tumor-specific T-cell mediated immune responses against tumors. For in vivo application, RSL3@NP was co-delivered with CAP via injectable Pluronic hydrogel. In 4T1-bearing mice, hydrogel-mediated delivery of CAP and RSL3-loaded nanoparticles can effectively elicit potent anti-tumor immune responses and inhibit tumor growth.

Indexed as

NanoparticlesPlasma GasesAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleFerroptosisHumansMiceMice, Inbred BALB CPolyethylene GlycolsPlasma GasesPolyethylene GlycolsCold atmospheric plasmaDrug deliveryImmunogenic cell deathInjectable hydrogelNanoparticlesRSL3

Identifiers

PMID39994619
PMCPMC11849213

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.