ArticleBMC public health2025
The association between reproductive factors and frailty risk: a population-based analysis from the UK biobank.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The relationship between parity and late-life frailty: companion dogs as a preclinical model for evaluating factors that aggravate or mitigate the frailty cost of reproduction.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Life satisfaction mediates advanced maternal age at childbirth and frailty across cohorts.iScience · 2026Article
- Associations between reproductive factors and frailty in middle-aged and older women: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Applying a life course approach to elucidate the biology of sex differences in frailty: early-life gonadectomy diminishes late-life robustness in male and female dogs in the Exceptional Aging in Rottweilers Study.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that reproductive factors are associated with future frailty or frailty-related health issues in women. In view of the limited evidence, investigating the association between different reproductive factors and frailty in older women requires further exploration. The purpose of this study is to explore whether reproductive factors contribute to an increased risk of frailty in older women.
methodsThis study included 238,555 female participants from the UK Biobank. Reproductive factors and several frailty-related indicators were obtained through self-reported data. A binomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between reproductive factors and frailty in older women, while adjusting for age, race, smoking and drinking status, body mass index (BMI), Townsend deprivation index, education, occupation, income level, history of oral contraceptive use, and history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. Finally, stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to verify the robustness of our results.
resultsCompared with the menarche age of 12-13 years old, the risk of frailty was higher in those < 12 years old (OR: 1.118, 95%CI: 1.086-1.151). The age at menopause and reproductive lifespan is associated with frailty in a J-shaped dose-response manner. Women with the first live birth(AFB) younger than 21 years have an increased risk compared to those AFB aged 24-26 years (OR: 1.057, 95%CI: 1.011-1.106). Higher parity is associated with a reduced risk of frailty in older women (OR: 0.851, 95%CI: 0.807-0.898). In addition, no significant difference was observed between the risk of stillbirth and the risk of frailty.
conclusionsAccording to our research results, age at menarche, age at menopause, AFB, reproductive lifespan, number of miscarriages and parity are associated with frailty in old women.
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