ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in women of child-bearing age in Antananarivo, Madagascar: prevalence and risk factors from a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Divergent Burden Profiles of HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Women of Child-Bearing Age, 1990-2021.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Health Status of Tsimihety Women: Sexually Transmitted Infections and Schistosomiasis, Northern Madagascar.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent data on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the general population of Madagascar is scarce. Our objective is to estimate the Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), and BV prevalence among women and to determine associated risk factors.
methodsWe recruited women aged 18-45 years consulting at a hospital in Antananarivo in a cross-sectional study. We collected socio-demographic and behavioral data. Vaginal swabs were collected for each individual. STIs were detected by qPCR and BV using the Nugent score. We explored factors associated with having an STI using logistic regressions.
resultsOf the 501 recruited women, 242 (48%) were married. Only one woman in three ever used condoms. The prevalence of CT was 11.8% (95% Confidence Interval: 9.0, 14.6), NG: 4.2% (2.4, 5.9), TV: 14.8% (11.7, 17.9), MG: 8.2% (5.8, 10.6), and BV: 39.6% (35.3, 43.9). Factors associated with an STI were having sex in exchange for favors (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 4.25, 95%CI: 1.27, 16.6), BV (aOR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.34, 3.47) or intermediate vaginal microbiota (aOR: 2.10, 95%CI: 1.19, 3.72), and being in a non-marital relationship compared to married (aOR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.16, 2.98).
conclusionsTo address the high prevalence of STIs, prevention programs should target women who are more likely to engage in sex in exchange for favors and empower them with negotiation skills on condom use. Given the elevated prevalence of dysbiosis and its association with STIs, it is crucial to prioritize research efforts toward a comprehensive understanding of this relationship.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.