Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39994431›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Exposure and survival of wild raptors during the 2022-2023 highly pathogenic influenza a virus outbreak.

Kelsey M Rayment, Dana Franzen-Klein, Elizabeth Kurimo-Beechuk, Rebecca L Poulson, Justin Brown, Kristelle Mendoza, Matthew Etterson, Frank Nicoletti, Carol Cardona, David E Stallknecht and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kelsey M Rayment *The Raptor Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Dana Franzen-Klein *The Raptor Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Elizabeth Kurimo-BeechukSoutheastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Rebecca L PoulsonSoutheastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Justin BrownDepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Kristelle MendozaDepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Matthew EttersonHawk Ridge Bird Observatory, Duluth, MN, USA.
Frank NicolettiHawk Ridge Bird Observatory, Duluth, MN, USA.
Carol CardonaDepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
David E StallknechtSoutheastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Victoria Hall *The Raptor Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA. vichall@ucdavis.edu.

Funding

NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response: Universal Influenza Vaccine Research Activities75N93021C00016 · NIAID · ST. JUDE CHILDREN'S RESEARCH HOSPITAL · PI WEBBY, RICHARD · 2021 to 2025
$91.4M
NIAID NIH HHS 75N93021C00016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global outbreak of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic influenza A virus (HP H5N1) has had an unprecedented impact on wild birds including raptors, but long-term population impacts have not been addressed. To determine if raptors survive infections with HP H5N1, raptors from the upper Midwest United States were serologically tested for antibodies to influenza A virus (IAV), H5 and N1. Raptors were sampled at The Raptor Center's (University of Minnesota) wildlife rehabilitation hospital and at Hawk Ridge Bird Observatory. Samples were tested for IAV antibodies using a commercially available blocking ELISA, with positive samples tested for antibodies to H5 and N1. Antibodies to IAV were detected in 86 out of 316 individuals representing 7 species. Antibodies to H5 and N1 were detected in 60 individuals representing 6 species. Bald eagles had the highest seroprevalence with 67/97 (69.1%) seropositive for IAV and 52 of these 67 (77.6%) testing positive for antibodies to both H5 and N1. Prevalence of antibodies to IAV observed in this study was higher than reported from raptors sampled in this same region in 2012. The high prevalence of antibodies to H5 and N1 indicates a higher survival rate post-HP H5N1 infection in raptors than previously believed.

Indexed as

Disease OutbreaksInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsRaptorsAnimalsAnimals, WildAntibodies, ViralInfluenza A virusSeroepidemiologic StudiesAntibodies, ViralHighly pathogenic avian influenzaRaptorsSerologyWildlifeWildlife rehabilitation

Identifiers

PMID39994431
PMCPMC11850869

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.