Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39994149›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2025

Post-arrival HIV acquisition patterns: Insights from African, Caribbean, and Black immigrant communities in Canada.

Wangari Tharao, Thabani Nyoni, Amrita Daftary, Sandra Bullock, Soraya Blot, Valerie Pierre-Pierre, Mona Loutfy, Rupert Kaul, Darrell Tan, Anita Rachlis and 6 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Wangari TharaoWomen's Health in Women's Hands Community Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Thabani NyoniDepartment of Social Work, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. TNyoni@dal.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-6258
Amrita DaftarySchool of Global Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sandra BullockDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Soraya Blot, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Valerie Pierre-Pierre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mona LoutfyUniversity of Toronto & Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Rupert KaulToronto General Hospital/University Health Network & The Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Darrell TanSaint Michael's Hospital & University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Anita RachlisSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Curtis CooperUniversity of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Irving SalitToronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), Toronto, ON, Canada.
Henry LuyombyaNew African Canadians (NAC), Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
Shannon Thomas Ryan, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Liviana CalzavaraDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
MSAFIRI Study Team

Funding

Ontario HIV Treatment Network ROG G870
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis mixed methods study examines post-migration HIV acquisition patterns and sexual health behaviours among African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) immigrant men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as heterosexual men and women in Ontario, Canada.

methodsData were collected from the MSAFIRI Study, including a cross-sectional quantitative survey (n = 108) and in-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 44). Participants were recruited from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS) through a purposive sampling of individuals who contracted HIV after migration. Data collection occurred between 2015 and 2017. Quantitative analyses using Fisher's exact tests examined associations between gender and HIV acquisition patterns, while qualitative content analysis identified themes around sexual relationships, HIV disclosure, and health decision-making.

resultsFindings highlighted gender and orientation-specific differences in HIV acquisition and associated behaviours. Quantitatively, a higher proportion of men than women could not identify their likely source partner (LSP), frequently describing these relationships as casual. Qualitative insights revealed that LSPs often concealed their HIV status, resulting in unintentional post-diagnosis disclosures. Inconsistent condom use was common, with gendered rationales: heterosexual women often cited partner disapproval or relationship exclusivity, while heterosexual men and MSM cited personal aversion and focus on sexual satisfaction.

conclusionThese findings underscore the distinct post-migration HIV acquisition risks among ACB immigrants in Canada. They suggest the need for culturally responsive public health interventions that consider gender-specific barriers, address stigma, and support health decision-making for ACB migrant communities navigating the complex intersections of migration, health, and relationships.

Indexed as

African PeopleBlack PeopleCaribbean PeopleEmigrants and ImmigrantsHIV InfectionsSexual BehaviorAdultCanadaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHomosexuality, MaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOntarioQualitative ResearchBlack immigrantsCanadaPost-migration HIV acquisitionSexual health

Identifiers

PMID39994149
PMCPMC12076988

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.