ArticlePLOS global public health2025
The Impact of integrated management of childhood illness training on knowledge levels of healthcare workers in Botswana.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy was developed to improve outcomes through integration of preventive and curative interventions in countries with high mortality. This study aimed to assess the impact of IMCI training on the knowledge levels of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Botswana, comparing the trained with the non-trained. This was a cross-sectional study from a national IMCI survey across all 27-health districts of Botswana in September 2023. Within each district, random sampling was used to select 10 healthcare facilities (HCFs) to be included in the survey. HCFs were ordered by their size to ensure that all types were represented. The demographics, training and qualifications of the HCWs were documented. Stata 13.1 software was used for analysis, and data was summarized with frequencies and percentages. Pearson's chi square test was used to compare the performances of IMCI trained versus non-IMCI trained HCWs. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 964 HCWs participated in the survey. The most frequent cadre was General Nurse with 385 (40.7%) participants. Participants trained in IMCI were 471 (49.2%) and those who consult sick children were 615 (65.1%). Those who were IMCI trained had good (80-100%) and moderate (60-79%) knowledge levels at 51 (14.1%) and 91 (25.2%) participants respectively than those who had no IMCI training at 25 (9.9%) for good and 52 (20.6%) for moderate performances. HCWs who were not IMCI trained had poor performance (0-59%) at 175 (69.4%) participants while the IMCI trained had poor performance at 219 (60.7%). The performances showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.092), reflective of similar knowledge levels. Overall, the performance of IMCI trained HCWs was not significantly different from those not IMCI trained, translating to that IMCI training does not have effect on knowledge levels of HCWs in management of childhood illness. This, however, should be interpreted with caution since it could be due to the stated study limitations. A future IMCI study on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) or a longitudinal study would be more beneficial.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.