Trial reportHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association2025
Effectiveness of the smart program: Stepped-care HIV prevention for gay and bisexual adolescent boys.
Trial report in Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- An empirical test of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of willingness and intention to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among adolescent men who have sex with men.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Trial
- Inclusion of underserved young people in digital public health interventions for mental health, sexual health and substance use: A systematic review and intervention component analysis.Internet interventions · 2026Review
- Evaluating a Multimedia Messaging Intervention to Increase Adolescent HIV Testing: Protocol for a Hybrid Type 1 Effectiveness Implementation Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- When scientific constraints and real-world implementation collide: Lessons from a hybrid type 3 study of a digital, direct-to-consumer HIV prevention program.Research square · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAdolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) have high HIV incidence and low rates of HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. There are few evidence-based HIV prevention programs that meet the unique needs of AMSM. The sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (SMART) program is a stepped care package of increasingly intensive eHealth interventions that were developed specifically for English- and Spanish-speaking AMSM. The sequence included universal sexuality education (SMART Sex Ed), an automated motivation and behavioral skills focused intervention (SMART Squad), and motivational interviewing via videoconferencing (SMART Sessions).
methodThis SMART compared HIV testing, PrEP use, condomless anal sex (CAS), condom use intentions, and condom use self-efficacy outcomes for different embedded treatment sequences in the SMART program among a large sample of English- and Spanish-speaking AMSM (ages 13-18) in the U.S. states and territories (N = 1,306).
resultsIn most of the embedded treatment sequences, there were significant improvements across 12 months for most of the outcomes, including CAS with casual partners, HIV testing, PrEP use, and condom use self-efficacy. There were largely no changes in CAS inclusive of serious partnerships and condom use intentions declined in some regimes.
conclusionFindings from 12 months of follow-up provide evidence of the SMART program's long-term effectiveness, with particular benefits for the important outcomes of HIV testing and PrEP use. Given the lack of effective interventions for this high HIV-incidence population coupled with the potential for high reach given the eHealth modality, funders should put in place the resources to enable rapid implementation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.