Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39992694›Full record

ArticlePediatrics2025

Cannabis Access by Retailer Type in New York.

Timothy D Becker, Mark Olfson, Peter J Menzi, Frances R Levin, Deborah S Hasin, Colin Nuckolls, Ryan S Sultan

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Timothy D BeckerDepartment of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
Mark OlfsonDepartment of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
Peter J MenziDepartment of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
Frances R LevinDepartment of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
Deborah S HasinDepartment of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
Colin NuckollsDepartment of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Ryan S SultanDepartment of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.

Funding

Research Education in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ResidencyR25MH125775 · NIMH · NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC · PI Kate Dimond Fitzgerald, Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele · 2021 to 2026
$1.3M
NIMH NIH HHS R25 MH125775
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIncreasing state-level cannabis legalization in the United States aims to reduce risks to consumers through regulation but may also lead to more unlicensed retailers and youth access. This study examines how age verification and business practices (eg, pricing, signage, and youth-appealing products) differ by licensing status.

methodsThe Cannabis Access and Safety in New York (CASNY) secret shopper study observed 37 dispensaries and smoke shops (5 licensed medical, 7 licensed recreational, 10 unlicensed dispensaries, and 15 smoke shops), randomly selected from 840 outlets across New York City (NYC) in November to December 2023 to audit age verification and other business practices.

resultsLicensed retailers were significantly more likely to require age verification before store entry (100% vs 10%, P < .01) and purchase (100% vs 48%, P = .01). Unlicensed retailers displayed more cartoon signage (57% vs 0%) and sold youth-appealing products like energy drinks (48% vs 0%), soda (57% vs 0%), and candy (53% vs 0%). Both types of retailers were often near schools (75% and 76%) and offered delivery (58% and 36%) but rarely displayed health warnings (8% and 10%).

conclusionIn NYC, unlicensed retailers outnumber licensed ones and often engage in practices increasing youth access to cannabis. They infrequently verify age, sell cheaper products, and use youth-friendly marketing. Licensed retailers follow age verification laws but are also often near schools and inconsistent with certificates of analysis provision. Further research is needed on policy impacts on youth cannabis use in deregulated markets.

Indexed as

CannabisCommerceAdolescentHumansLicensureNew York City

Identifiers

PMID39992694
PMCPMC12188584

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.