ArticleClinical oral investigations2025
Polishing of 4Y- and 5Y- zirconia: effects on roughness, color and gloss.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Is Additive Manufacturing of Dental Zirconia Comparable to Subtractive Methods When Considering Printing Orientation and Layer Thickness? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the effects of polishing systems on the roughness, gloss and color of two zirconia materials as a function of the rotational speed and number of polishing movements. MATERIALS AND
methodsSpecimens (n = 8/group) from 4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP were milled, diamond grinded and polished. The intraoral polishing varied in the number of polishing steps, the grain size and the matrix. Different number of polishing movements and rotation speed were used. Roughness (ISO25178-2:2021), gloss (ISO2813:2014) and color stability (ISO/CIE 11664-4:2019) were determined. STATISTICS: Shapiro-Wilk, one-way analysis, Bonferroni, Pearson, variance analysis/intermediate sub-effects (α = 0.05).
resultsRoughness Sa varied between 2.45 ± 0.93 µm and 6.47 ± 0.26 µm (4Y-TZP) and 2.31 ± 0.19 µm and 6.54 ± 0.22 µm (5Y-TZP). Maximum roughness Sz ranged from 32.92 ± 12.59 µm to 99.32 ± 19.87 µm (4Y-TZP) and 31.45 ± 3.02 µm to 90.75 ± 12.59 µm (5Y-TZP). Different gloss from 28.9 ± 4. 23 to 102.39 ± 18.63 GU (4Y-TZP) and 33.19 ± 3.68 to 101.28 ± 10.00 GU (5Y-TZP) was found. ΔE results ranged from 0.39 ± 0.34 to 6.30 ± 1.22 (4Y-TZP) and 0.87 ± 0.71 to 7.50 ± 1.67 (5Y-TZP). Significant (p ≥ 0.095) intermediate sub-effects were found.
conclusionsPolishing led to a reduction in roughness, an increase in gloss and a significant change in color. Polishing had a stronger effect on 5Y-TZP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The correct use of the polisher type (stages, binder) and its specific application (rotational speed, movements) can improve roughness, gloss and color variations.
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