Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39992265›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe2025

Beyond the Smile: Exploring the Mental Well-Being of Dental Students Across Institutions.

Kamran Ali, Daniel Zahra, Ulfat Bashir, Hina Zafar Raja, Usman Sana, Asma Shakoor, Mariya Khalid, Amna Mansoor, Mahwish Raja

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Mental Health Matters: A Multi-Institution Study on the Mental Health of Undergraduate Dental Students.European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kamran AliQU Health College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.ORCID 0000-0002-3122-6729
Daniel ZahraSchool of Psychology, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6534-6916
Ulfat BashirIslamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Hina Zafar RajaCMH Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan.
Usman SanaAzra Naheed Dental College, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Asma ShakoorCMH Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan.
Mariya KhalidSardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Amna MansoorKMU Institute of Dentistry, Kohat, Pakistan.
Mahwish RajaQU Health College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionA high frequency of mental issues has been reported amongst dental students in recent years. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of depression, stress, and anxiety amongst undergraduate dental students in a developing country and identify factors which may contribute to the poor mental health of dental students. MATERIALS AND

methodsAfter obtaining ethical approval, undergraduate dental students from 14 dental institutions were invited to participate in an online study. Data were collected using two globally validated scales for screening mental health. The survey inventory also included two open-ended items and was administered using Google forms.

resultsComplete responses were received from 639 participants, which included 71.67% (n = 458) females and 28.33% (n = 181) males. The overall response rate was 43%. The modal age group was 18-21-year-olds (63.54%, n = 406), followed by 22-25-year-olds (35.52%, n = 227). The mean score on PHQ-9 was 10.37 (SD ± 6.13) and 48.67% of participants showed moderate to severe depression. The mean DASS-21 score was 20.81 (SD ± 14.64) and 48.21% of participants were screened positively for moderate to extremely severe depression, 49.30% for moderate to extremely severe anxiety, and 30.36% of participants showed features of moderate to extremely severe stress. Significantly positive correlations were observed for the whole sample and demographic factors for participant scores on PHQ-9 for Depression, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores on DASS-21. Academic workload, social interactions, personal factors, academic environment, and financial difficulties were reported as the main causes of poor mental health. DISCUSSION: This study shows a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress amongst undergraduate dental students in a country with a unique socio-cultural landscape. The study also identified underlying factors which adversely affect the mental health of dental students and provides recommendations to address these challenges.

Indexed as

AnxietyDepressionMental HealthStress, PsychologicalStudents, DentalAdolescentAdultDeveloping CountriesFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adultdental studentsmental healthrisk factorsstudent supportuniversities

Identifiers

PMID39992265
PMCPMC12006705

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.