ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Metabolic Phenotype of Stage 1 and Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes Using Modeling of β Cell Function.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Automated Oral Minimal Models for Rapid Estimation of Insulin Sensitivity and Beta-Cell Responsivity in Large-Scale Data Sets: A Validation Study.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2026Article
- Transcriptomics of type 1 diabetes progression: a validation study in newly diagnosed patients.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Phase angle and triglyceride-glucose index as biomarkers of glycemic control, body composition and cardiovascular risk in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Toward Personalized Medicine in Type 1 Diabetes: Understanding How Patient Heterogeneity Influences Therapeutic Efficacy.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Relevance of Quantitative Measures of Beta-Cell Function in Clinical Practice.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStaging preclinical type 1 diabetes (T1D) and monitoring the response to disease-modifying treatments rely on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, it is unknown whether OGTT-derived measures of beta cell function can detect subtle changes in metabolic phenotype, thus limiting their usability as endpoints in prevention trials.
objectiveTo describe the metabolic phenotype of people with Stage 1 and Stage 2 T1D using metabolic modelling of β cell function.
methodsWe characterized the metabolic phenotype of individuals with islet autoimmunity in the absence (Stage 1) or presence (Stage 2) of dysglycemia. Participants were screened at a TrialNet site and underwent a 5-point, 2-hour OGTT. Standard measures of insulin secretion (area under the curve, C-peptide, Homeostatic Model Assessment [HOMA] 2-B) and sensitivity (HOMA Insulin Resistance, HOMA2-S, Matsuda Index) and oral minimal model-derived insulin secretion (φ total), sensitivity (sensitivity index), and clearance were adopted to characterize the cohort.
resultsThirty participants with Stage 1 and 27 with Stage 2T1D were selected. Standard metrics of insulin secretion and sensitivity did not differ between Stage 1 and Stage 2 T1D, while the oral minimal model revealed lower insulin secretion (P < .001) and sensitivity (P = .034) in those with Stage 2 T1D, as well as increased insulin clearance (P = .006). A higher baseline φ total was associated with reduced odds of disease progression, independent of stage (OR 0.92 [0.86, 0.98], P = .016).
conclusionThe oral minimal model describes the differential metabolic phenotype of Stage 1 and Stage 2 T1D and identifies the φ total as a progression predictor. This supports its use as a sensitive tool and endpoint for T1D prevention trials.
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