Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39992097›Full record

ReviewmSystems2025

Context matters: assessing the impacts of genomic background and ecology on microbial biosynthetic gene cluster evolution.

Rauf Salamzade, Lindsay R Kalan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in mSystems, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
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  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Paenidepsins are a Family of Lipopeptides fromJournal of natural products · 2026
    Article
  12. ExploringMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Rauf SalamzadeDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1923-5948
Lindsay R KalanDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4980-5128

Funding

Novel antimicrobials targeting MDR pathogens from animal microbial symbiontsU19AI142720 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ANDES, DAVID R · 2019 to 2023
$30.1M
NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142720
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Encoded within many microbial genomes, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) underlie the synthesis of various secondary metabolites that often mediate ecologically important functions. Several studies and bioinformatics methods developed over the past decade have advanced our understanding of both microbial pangenomes and BGC evolution. In this minireview, we first highlight challenges in broad evolutionary analysis of BGCs, including delineation of BGC boundaries and clustering of BGCs across genomes. We further summarize key findings from microbial comparative genomics studies on BGC conservation across taxa and habitats and discuss the potential fitness effects of BGCs in different settings. Afterward, recent research showing the importance of genomic context on the production of secondary metabolites and the evolution of BGCs is highlighted. These studies draw parallels to recent, broader, investigations on gene-to-gene associations within microbial pangenomes. Finally, we describe mechanisms by which microbial pangenomes and BGCs evolve, ranging from the acquisition or origination of entire BGCs to micro-evolutionary trends of individual biosynthetic genes. An outlook on how expansions in the biosynthetic capabilities of some taxa might support theories that open pangenomes are the result of adaptive evolution is also discussed. We conclude with remarks about how future work leveraging longitudinal metagenomics across diverse ecosystems is likely to significantly improve our understanding on the evolution of microbial genomes and BGCs.

Indexed as

BacteriaBiosynthetic PathwaysEvolution, MolecularGenome, BacterialGenome, MicrobialMultigene FamilyGenomicsbioinformaticsbiosynthetic gene clusterscomparative genomicsecologyevolutionnatural productspangenomepopulation geneticssecondary metabolitesStreptomyces

Identifiers

PMID39992097
PMCPMC11915812

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.