ReviewImmunological reviews2025
T1-T2 Interplay in the Complex Immune Landscape of Severe Asthma.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Childhood obesity and allergic rhinitis: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Human endogenous retroviruses antibody signatures in severe asthma phenotypes.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Aberrant mucin expression and keratinization distinguishing severe from mild asthma revealed by interpretable machine learning.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Bridging Rare to Common Diseases: Precision Medicine and the Transforming Landscape of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting Type 2 and Non-type 2 Asthma: Emerging Biologics and Personalized Strategies.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Article
- The airway epithelial-immune axis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for asthma.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Allergy Predisposition After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children.Cells · 2025Review
- Unraveling the mechanisms of virus-induced asthma exacerbation: epithelial injury, immune dysregulation, and novel interventions.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Decoding Allergic Conjunctivitis: Latest Perspectives on Etiological Drivers and Immunopathological Mechanisms.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- The immunology of asthma.Nature immunology · 2025Review
- Inflammation in Asthma: Mechanistic Insights and the Role of Biologics in Therapeutic Frontiers.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Modulation of allergic airways disease employing bio-mimetic nanoparticles with TLR agonists.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Asthma is orchestrated by an aberrant immune response involving a complex interplay between multiple inflammatory cell types. An increase in Th2 cells in the asthmatic airway is a hallmark of asthma, and biologics blocking their effector functions have been life-changing for many severe asthma patients who poorly respond to immunosuppression by corticosteroids. However, studies in the past decade have highlighted not only other cell types that also produce Th2 cytokines boosting the Type 2/T2 phenotype but also a heightened IFN-γ response, primarily from T cells, referred to as a Type 1/T1 immune response. Data derived from studies of immune cells in the airways and mouse models of severe asthma suggest a role of IFN-γ in corticosteroid resistance, airway hyperreactivity, and also airway remodeling via effects on other cell types including mast cells, eosinophils, airway epithelial cells, and airway smooth muscle cells. The simultaneous presence of T1 and T2 immune responses is detectable in the sickest of asthma patients in whom corticosteroids suppress the T2 but not the T1 response. This article has reviewed our current understanding of the complex T1-T2 interplay in severe asthma highlighting mediators that impact both arms which may be targeted alone or in combination for disease alleviation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.