ArticleBJA open2025
Frameworks for the design and reporting of anaesthesia interventions in perioperative clinical trials.
Article in BJA open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Defining estimands in anaesthesia clinical trials: a scoping review and framework.British journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Lidocaine Delivery Systems for Preventing Postoperative Sore Throat: From Direct Spray to Soft Mist.Local and regional anesthesia · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Interventions from RCTs can only be replicated and implemented if reported in sufficient detail. This study developed frameworks to assist researchers with describing, monitoring, and reporting the key components of anaesthetic interventions in trials. Methods: This study comprised three phases: (1) initial framework development-text describing the delivery of anaesthetic interventions was coded and categorised into components using thematic analysis; (2) refinement of frameworks-facilitated structured group discussions were conducted with perioperative clinicians, researchers, and journal editors to elicit additional framework categories and consider clarity and feasibility; (3) framework testing and further refinement-cognitive interviews with professionals undertaking trials evaluating anaesthesia interventions to test the feasibility of using the frameworks in contemporary perioperative trials. Results: Three frameworks were developed for general, regional, and sedation anaesthesia interventions. Data saturation of categories within the frameworks was reached after inclusion of 15 RCTs for general and regional anaesthesia, and 13 for sedation. Each framework is structured into three main sections: (1) professional(s) delivering the intervention; (2) setting; and (3) intervention components, with descriptions of the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative stages unique to each anaesthetic intervention. Each framework deconstructs an anaesthetic intervention into component parts to support researchers with the design and reporting of RCTs. Final frameworks are available at: https://anaesthesiaframeworks.blogs.bristol.ac.uk/. Conclusions: We provide novel frameworks to be used during the design of perioperative trials to facilitate the design, delivery, and reporting of anaesthesia interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.