Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39991424›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Managing Bilateral Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Keratoconus, and Steroid-Induced Glaucoma: A Threefold Struggle.

Nur Hafizah Maffar, Yaakub Azhany, Nur Ain Shafiyah Mohd Ghazali, Julieana Muhammed

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Intraocular pressure measurement in keratoconus: a narrative review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nur Hafizah MaffarDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, MYS.
Yaakub AzhanyDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, MYS.
Nur Ain Shafiyah Mohd GhazaliDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, MYS.
Julieana MuhammedDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, MYS.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The coexistence of bilateral vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), keratoconus, and steroid-induced glaucoma presents a complex ocular challenge, threatening visual acuity and long-term eye health. This combination poses significant risks, with VKC and keratoconus progressively affecting both eyes while glaucoma, induced by necessary steroid treatments, further complicates the clinical picture. We report a case of a young Malay girl who complained of bilateral eye itchiness with progressive blurring of vision, a history of frequent changes in prescribed glasses, and vigorous eye rubbing. Diagnosed with VKC at age 14, she defaulted on follow-up and began unsupervised use of topical steroids during flare-ups. This resulted in steroid-induced glaucoma, complicating the management of both VKC and coexisting keratoconus. This case underscores the importance of careful, supervised treatment, as improper management can significantly affect long-term outcomes.

Indexed as

corticosteriodflare-upkeratoconus (kc)steroid-induced glaucomavernal keratoconjunctivitis

Identifiers

PMID39991424
PMCPMC11847309

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.