ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
Late-onset and relapsed cytokine release syndrome after nivolumab treatment in a patient with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Occult squamous cell carcinoma presenting as oligometastatic lymphadenopathy. A systematic review with a case report.Oncology reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related cytokine storm syndrome: a systematic review of characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of nivolumab induced cytokine release syndrome.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Nivolumab, an anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor monoclonal antibody, has proven effective in treating platinum-resistant metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are well-known complications of PD-1 inhibitors. Meanwhile, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a life-threatening immune-related adverse event, rarely develops due to nivolumab monotherapy. Here, we report a case of a 65-year-old man with squamous cell head and neck carcinoma of an occult primary origin who developed nivolumab-associated late-onset CRS that recurred. The patient was admitted with symptoms of fatigue, fever, hypotension, and respiratory distress. The diagnosis of CRS was supported by the elevated serum levels of interleukin-6 and ferritin, and the patient responded well to high-dose methylprednisolone. CRS recurred during steroid tapering, coinciding with an increased tumor burden; however, it was successfully managed with increased steroid dosing. Early detection and treatment with steroids are essential for the management of CRS.
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