ArticleInternational journal of biological sciences2025
Disulfiram/copper triggers cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway via ROS-induced DNA damage that potentiates antitumor response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade.
Article in International journal of biological sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunogenic cell death: synergizing ferroptosis and cuproptosis to overcome immunotherapy resistance.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Elevated CHAF1A Suppresses Type I Interferon Production and Causes Immunotherapy Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Disrupting KRAS-AGO2 interaction: a dual-pronged strategy to sensitize chemo-immunotherapy in KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis rewire the tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, immune modulation, and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Cancer stem cell plasticity: mechanisms, immune microenvironment crosstalk, and therapeutic implications.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Targeting programmed cell death: a novel therapeutic paradigm for cancer based on mode-of-death classification.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Off-label and repurposed use of disulfiram beyond alcohol dependence: A systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence.iScience · 2026Article
- Copper Dyshomeostasis, Redox Buffering and Immune Aging Converge on Cuproptosis in Age-Related Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Enhancement of NK cell activity via DNA-sensing inhibition by Poxin transgene.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Disulfiram/Copper Combined with Irradiation Induces Immunogenic Cell Death in Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- PARylation-centric crosstalk: orchestrating immune evasion and multidrug resistance in ovarian cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Disulfiram/Copper Combination as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Targeting the ATF3-Mitochondrial Cell Death Pathway.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- Cuproptosis and anti-tumor immunity: bidirectional regulation, controversies, and translational prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Multifunctional DSF-loaded ICG-chelated nanozyme for four-in-one enhanced synergistic tumor therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Disulfiram Prevents Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Epileptic Mice by Inhibiting Astrocyte Pyroptosis to Improve Seizure Activity.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Dissecting the METTL3/STC2 axis in colorectal cancer: implications for drug resistance and metastasis.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- The role of dysregulated copper metabolism in diabetes and its complications: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Copper metabolism and cuproptosis: broad perspectives in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have emerged as the leading strategy for treating advanced malignancies; however, their clinical efficacy is frequently constrained by primary or acquired resistance. Harnessing innate immune signaling to increase lymphocyte infiltration into tumors has been recognized a promising approach to augment the anti-cancer immune response to ICBs. Disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved drug for chronic alcoholism, has shown potent anti-tumor effect, particularly when used in combination with copper (Cu). Here, we demonstrated a combination treatment of DSF and Cu (DSF/Cu) robustly activated cancer cell-intrinsic cGAS-STING-dependent innate immune signaling pathway. Further studies revealed that DSF/Cu caused mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage and the release of cytosolic dsDNA by inducing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby triggering innate immunity and enhancing anti-tumor effects. Moreover, DSF/Cu significantly increased the intratumoral infiltration of CD8
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.