Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39990283›Full record

ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2025

The relationship between cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders with quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) on long COVID syndrome patients.

Yetty Ramli, Pukovisa Prawiroharjo, Winnugroho Wiratman, Eric Tenda, Nurhadi Ibrahim, Damar Susilaradeya, Abdi Reza, Jennifer Agatha, Rejoel Siagian, Hazrina Fauhan and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yetty RamliDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Pukovisa PrawiroharjoDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Winnugroho WiratmanDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Eric TendaMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Nurhadi IbrahimMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Damar SusilaradeyaMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Abdi RezaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Jennifer AgathaMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Rejoel SiagianMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Hazrina FauhanMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Florencia EvelynFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Yoshikazu UgawaDepartment of Department of Human Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Medical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Japan.
Prasandhya YusufMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in long-term consequences for a subset of affected individuals, known as long COVID syndrome. The neurological and psychiatric effects of this condition remain incompletely understood. This study aims to evaluate heightened common mental disorders in long COVID through assessing psychiatric, cognitive, neurophysiological aspects, and emphasizing lasting mental health impacts. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared patients with long COVID to those who had recovered from COVID-19 without residual symptoms using quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) analysis. We conducted qEEG analyses, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Self-Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) tests on participants. Analyses included brain spectrum examination, hemispheric asymmetry, and inter-electrode connectivity. Results: Analyses revealed lower MoCA scores in the memory domain were lower in the long COVID group (Mann Whitney Conclusion: Our findings underscore the persistent neuropsychiatric impact of COVID-19, particularly in long COVID patients. Notably, working memory deficits in MoCA scores were identified as one of the most frequent neuropsychological symptoms in these individuals. Decreased brain connectivity indicates cognitive-sensorimotor decline and is confirmed by the frequent brain fog symptoms in long COVID.

Indexed as

Brain connectivityCognitive functionLong covid syndromeNeuropsychiatric disordersqEEG

Identifiers

PMID39990283
PMCPMC11847274

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.