ArticleTobacco induced diseases2025
Exposure to secondhand smoke and physical disabilities in non-smokers: A national cross-sectional study with cotinine measurements from NHANES 2013-2018.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: Nicotine metabolites in maternal urine and breast milk as biomarkers of infant birth weight and length, a cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Association between social determinants of health and physical disability: Findings from NHANES.Medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the association between secondhand smoke exposure and hearing loss among U.S. nonsmokers.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSecondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a significant health risk, but current research often overlooks its broader impact on functional impairments in the general public.
methodsThis study utilized serum cotinine levels (SCL) from the 2013-2018 NHANES dataset to investigate physical disabilities associated with SHS exposure. SCL represents the combined concentration of cotinine and hydroxycotinine. The physical disabilities assessed include difficulties with hearing, vision, concentration, walking, dressing or bathing independently, and running errands alone. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between SCL and physical disabilities in adults, with stratified analyses by age, gender, and race. A p<0.05 was considered significant.
resultsLogistic regression analyses showed that SHS exposure was significantly associated with walking difficulty. Participants in the highest quartile of SCL (Q4) had significantly higher odds of walking difficulty compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q4 vs Q1, AOR=2.03; 95% CI: 1.24-3.31, p-trend=0.010). Higher hydroxycotinine were associated with increased walking difficulty (AOR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.06-2.08, p=0.030). Individuals in the highest quartile of hydroxycotinine (Q4) faced more difficulty running errands (AOR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.13-3.88, p-trend=0.036). Among males, the highest quartiles of cotinine and hydroxycotinine were more strongly associated with walking difficulty than in females (cotinine: AOR=2.92 vs 1.49; hydroxycotinine: AOR=3.23 vs 1.78). In adults aged ≥60 years, higher SCL, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine levels were significantly associated with walking difficulty (SCL, AOR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.24-2.02); cotinine, AOR=1.80; 95% CI: 1.21-2.67; hydroxycotinine, AOR=4.57; 95% CI: 1.92-10.89). An 'L'-shaped association was observed for ln(hydroxycotinine) and walking difficulty, with a significant association beyond -1.306 (AOR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.33-4.96, p=0.005).
conclusionsHigher SHS is significantly associated with various physical disabilities, especially in men and older adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.