ArticleRenal failure2025
Acute kidney injury in hospitalized children with diphtheria in northwestern Nigeria: incidence and hospitalization outcomes.
Article in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Role and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants in Childhood Vaccines.Pediatrics · 2026Review
- Clinical features, prognosis, and treatment outcomes of diphtheria in children: a retrospective cohort study at children's hospital, Sukkur.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A report of respiratory diphtheria in a southwest Nigeria tertiary health institution.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2026Article
- Global burden of diphtheria, 1990-2021: a 204-country analysis of socioeconomic inequality based on SDI and DTP3 vaccination differences before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (GBD 2021).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundDespite the kidney being affected by diphtheria exotoxin, the extent of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its possible impact on outcomes remain unknown. This study examined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in children with diphtheria.
methodsThis was a prospective cohort study of confirmed diphtheria managed from July 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024, at a health facility in Nigeria. We obtained data on clinical and laboratory features and treatments received. AKI was defined using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria.
resultsWe included 237 children with a median [interquartile range] age of 7.0 [4-10] years. Using KDIGO, 139 (58.6%) had AKI [stage 1:88 (37.1%); stage 2: 18 (7.6%); and stage 3: 33 (13.9%)]. Variables associated with AKI included age, sore throat, inability to swallow, difficulty breathing, nasal blockade, hypoxemia, nasal discharge, pallor, abnormal chest findings, hospitalization duration, vaccination status, white blood cells, lymphocytes, platelets, serum bicarbonate, sodium and potassium, and treatments received,
conclusionThere is a high incidence of AKI among children with diphtheria and increased odds of death. Factors that predicted AKI included younger age, oxygen therapy, and medications (ibuprofen and dexamethasone).
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